| A | B |
|---|
| Is a hollow, muscular organ | Heart |
| At the fifth intercostal space to the left of midline | Where is the apex or apical pulse |
| endocardium | Thin innermost layer composed of simple squamous epithelium overlying a layer of connective tissue |
| Myocardium | Is the thick middle layer of the heart and composed of cardiac muscle tissue |
| Twists around in a ring like arrangement | Myocardium |
| Epicardium | Thin outermost layer of the heart |
| Pericardium | A sling-like structure that supports the heart and attaches it to surrounding organs |
| Pericardial space | A space between the epicardium and pericardium |
| If pericardial membranes become inflamed and secrete excess serous fluid, which makes it difficult for the heart to relax and fill with blood. | Cardiac Tamponade |
| Path that the blood follows from the right side of the heart to and through the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is called this | Pulmonary circulation |
| The heart has these four chambers | Atria and ventricles |
| Atria | Receives blood; upper chambers |
| Ventricles | Pumps blood out of the heart; lower chambers |
| Interatrial septum | Wall that separates the two atria |
| Interventricular septum | Wall that separates the two ventricles |
| Receives unoxygenated blood from the large veins | Right atrium |
| Collects blood drom the head and the upper body | Superior vena cava |
| Inferior vena cava | Receives blood from the lower part of the body |
| Thin-walled cavity that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins | Left atrium |
| Left ventricle | Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium |
| Primary function of the left ventricle | Pump blood into the systemic circulation |
| Largest artery in the body | Aorta |
| Purpose of the heart valves | To keep blood flowing in a forward direction |
| AV valves | Valves located between the atria and the ventricles |
| Semilunar valves | Help determine the outflow of blood from the right and left ventricles |
| Entrance valves | AV valves |
| Exit valves | Semilunar valves |
| Chordae tendineae | Tough fibrous bands of tissue that attach the cusps to the ventricular wall. |
| Because the right AV valve has three cusps | Tricuspid valve |
| Left AV valve | Mitral valve |
| The aortic valve is located where? | Between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| Unoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from? | Superior and inferior vena cavae |
| From the right atrium the blood flows through which valve? | Tricuspid valve |
| The tricuspid valve allows blood to enter the ? | Right ventricle |
| From the right ventricle the blood then flows through which valve | Pulmonic valve |
| The pulmonic valve allows the blood to flow into which artery? | Pulmonary artery |
| Where blood releases carbon dioxide as waste and picks up fresh supply of oxygen? | Lungs |
| Oxygenated blood flows through the four pulmonary veins from the lungs into this? | Left atrium |
| From the left atrium, blood flows through which valve? | Bicuspid or mitral valve |
| This forces bllod through the aortic valve into the aorta for distribution to the systemic circulation | Left ventricular contraction |
| The myocardium is supplied with oxygen through these | Coronary arteries |
| Two main coronary arteries | Left and right coronary arteries |
| Left coronary artery branches into these? | Left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery |
| A healthy myocardium depends on this | A steady supply of oxygenated blood |
| Cardiac Conduction system does this | Initiates an electrical signal and then moves it along a pathway in the heart. |
| The conduction system is located here. | Within the walls of the heart and in the septum. |
| It is located in the upper posterior wall of the right atrium | SA node |
| The electrical signal is called? | Action potential or cardiac impulse |
| The cardiac impulse from the SA node is conducted through these? | Atrial conducting fibers |
| AV node | It is located in the floor of the right atrium. |
| The cardiac impulse does this as it moves through the AV node | Slows |
| After passing through the AV node, the cardiac impulse travels where? | Bundle of His |
| Reason cardiac impulse needs to slow as it goes through the AV node | Allows for the relaxed ventricle time to fill with blood |
| Bundle of His divides into these. | Right and left bundle branches |
| The bundle branches send out long fibers called | Purkinje fibers |
| Automaticity | Cardiac impulse that arises from within cardiac tissue |
| Rhythmicity | Heart has a rhythm of 60 - 100 beats per minute |
| Is a life threatening cardiac condition | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Atrial Fibrillation | A quivering of the heart preventing it from beating efficiently |
| Electrocardiogram | A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart |
| Heart rate | Number of times a heart beats per minute |
| Contraction of the myocardium and chambers empty | Systole |
| Relaxation of the myocardium and chambers fill | Diastole |
| Who has the faster heart rate, men or women? | Women |
| The amount of blood pumped by the ventricle per beat. | Stroke volume |
| Angina Pectoris | Chest pain due to inadequate oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| Bacterial endocarditis | A common infectious disease of the heart |
| Myocardial Infarction | An area of cardiac tissue that has died due to lack of oxygenated blood |
| Causes heart sounds of lubb/dubb | Vibrations of the opening and closing of the valves |
| The three stages of the cardiac cycle | Atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole |
| Two arteries that supply the brain with oxgenated blood | carotids and vertebrals |
| Main vein that brings unoxygenated blood from the head | jugular vein |
| Large vein that carries unoxgenated blood from the head to the right atrium | Superior vena cava |
| Large vein that returns unoxygenated blood from the body and lower extremities to the right atrium | Inferior vena cava |
| Main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation | Aorta |
| Vessel that carries unoxygenated blood to the lungs | Pulmonary artery |
| Has a strong middle layer of muscle tissue that assists with blood transport | Artery |
| Prevent venous backflow in systemic circulation | Valves |
| The body system responsible for compressing veins to move unoxygenated blood back to heart | Muscular system |
| Largest vein in leg | Great saphenous vein |
| Blood gases are obtained from where? | Radial Artery |
| Carries oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues | Arteries |
| Vessels that return unoxygenated blood back to the lungs and heart | Veins |
| Where diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place | Capillaries |
| Oxygenated blood is carried to the left atrium through these | Pulmonary veins |
| Where to locate the apical pulse | Fifth intercosal space to the left of midline |
| Artery that is palpated or located to take a pulse | Radial artery |
| Artery that is palpable on the dorsal surface of the foot | Dorsalis pedis |
| Jugular vein is located here | Lateral neck |
| Popliteal artery is located here | Behind the knee |
