| A | B |
|---|
| fugue | a polyphonic style of writing |
| hemiola | the rhythmic relation of 3:2 |
| rubato | to perform in a somewhat free tempo or rhythm |
| smorzando | to perform more aad more slowly; fading away |
| sotto voce | to perform softly or subdued; in an undertone |
| toccata | a virtuosic and brilliant composition that features sections of rapid and elaborate passage work. |
| Sonata-Allegro form | consists of an Exposition, Development & Recapitulation |
| Rondo | a musical form that is multi-sectional with a recurring theme (A) and contrasting sections, such as: ABACA, ABACABA, or ABACBA |
| Sonata Structure | typical sonata consists of 2 movements, arranged Fast-Slow-Fast |
| Theme & Variations | a musical form consisting of a theme and a series of different versions of the original theme. |
| Tertian harmony | harmony based on combinations of the interval of a 3rd. Most traditional tonal music is tertian. |
| Quartal harmony | harmony based on combinations of the interval of the 4th. |
| bitonality | use of 2 keys simultaneously, even if they are not indicated by the key signature. |
| polytonality | the use of 3 or more keys at the same time |
| atonality | a style of musical composition where a tonal center is avoided. |
| 12 tone row | a method of composition in which the 12 tones of the chromatic scale are organized into a row and used repeatedly. |
| serialism | music that is based on a particular succession of pitches, rhythms, dynamics or other elements that are repeated. |
| retrograde | a compositional technique where the subject is reversed: the 1st note becomes the last, the 2nd note becomes 2nd to last, etc. |
| melodic inversion | a compositional technique where the intervals in a subject are changed so that the direction is inverted |
| retrograde inversion | a compositional technique where the order of notes is reversed and the direction of each interval is altered. |
