| A | B |
| Samuel de Champlain | mapmaker for King of France |
| Samuel de Champlain | given permission to build a trading post in New France |
| Samuel de Champlain | known as the Father of New France |
| Samuel de Champlain | started France's first settlement at Quebec |
| Samuel de Champlain | fur trappers and traders followed him. He was a friend to the Indians |
| Father Jacques Marquette | French missionary and explorer |
| Louis Joliet | fur trapper who explored with Father Marquette |
| Marquette and Joliet | explored the Mississippi River thinking it might be the Northwest Passage |
| Father Jacques Marquette | explored the Great Lakes. Died in Ludington, Michigan |
| Robert de LaSalle | explored the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico |
| Marquette, Joliet, and LaSalle | because of their exploration of the Mississippi River, France had control of most of present-day Canada and U.S. |
| Henry Hudson | English sailor hired by the Dutch merchants to find Northwest Passage |
| Henry Hudson | found a great river in New York |
| Henry Hudson | gave the Netherlands claim to land along the Hudson River |
| New Netherlands | land along the Hudson River was called this after Hudson explored it |
| Dutch traders | traded with the Indians for fur |
| Dutch West India Company | joint-stock company which purchased Manhattan from the Indians |
| Dutch West India Company | began the town of New Amsterdam |
| Dutch West India Company | allowed religious freedom for all religions in New Amsterdam |