| A | B |
|---|
| Ex post facto law | Increasing penalties after a crime |
| Equal protection | 14th Amendment anti-discrimination provision |
| Incorporation | Bill of Rights applies to states |
| Precedents | Past rulings help decide current cases |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established judicial review as constitutionally sound |
| Judicial review | Courts can nullify laws |
| Referenda | Citizens vote to make laws |
| Gitlow v. New York | States may not regulate speech or press |
