| A | B |
|---|
| API (application-programming interface) | a group of pre-defined classes that can be used to build a program. The Java API organizes Java's classes by package. |
| assignment operator | the equals sign (=). |
| assignment statement | statement that assigns a value to a variable. |
| base-2 | a number system based on the two digits 0 and 1. |
| binary number | a number made up of some pattern of 0s and 1s. |
| bit | the smallest unit of memory, which can store a value of 0 or 1. |
| boolean | a type that stores a logical value of true (1) or false (0). |
| boolean operator | another term for a logical operator. |
| byte | a type that is made up of 8 bits. |
| char | a type used to store character values. |
| character's index | the position of a character in a String object. |
| class method | message sent to a class, not a particular instance of the class. |
| concatentation-assignment shorcut | an operation represented by +=. This shortcut combines assignment and concatenation operations on String values. |
| constant | a container whose value can be read, but not changed. A variable is converted into a constant by placing the keyword final before the type; e.g., final double PI = 3.14159. |
| decrement | an operation that subtracts 1 from the value of a variable. |
| double | type that uses 64 bits to represent real numbers. A double type has greater capacity than a float type. |
| double expression | an expression that produces a double value. |
| escape sequence | a backslash followed by one or more additional characters. |
| expression | a series of operands, operators, objects, and/or messages that combine to produce a value. |
| fixed-point literals | a number with a fixed decimal point; e.g., -1.5 and 3.5. |
| float | a type that uses 32 bits to represent a real number. A float type has less capacity than a double type. |
| floating-point literals | alternative representations of a single number using scientific notation. For example, 0.2998e9 and 29.98e7 are equivalent representations of one number. To account for the difference in the value of the exponent, the decimal "floats" two places. |
| garbage collector | a Java component that reclaims de-referenced handles. |
| handle | another term for the name of a reference type. |
| increment | an operation that adds one to the value of a variable. |
| instance method | a message that must be sent to an instance of a class. |
| int | type that uses 32 bits to store integer values. |
| integers | the set of whole numbers = {?-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3?}. |
| integer division | division operation that produces a quotient and a remainder. |
| left associativity | rule that orders from the left operations that include multiple operators from the same precedence level. |
| literal | a particular value of any type; e.g., 'a', 1.2, and 5 are literals, respectively, of type char, double, and int. |
| logical expression | an expression that evaluates to boolean true or false. |
| logical operator | one of three operators used to compare boolean expressions. The list of logical operators includes &&, ||, and !. |
| long | a type that uses 64 bits to store integer values. A long type has greater capacity than an int type or short type. |
| Math class | a set of mathematical functions used to build complex expressions. |
| null | a value that indicates no particular object is being referenced. |
| object | an instance of a class. |
| operator associativity | rules determining the order in which operations of the same precedence are performed. |
| operator precedence | rank of an operator according to its precedence level. |
| overloaded | a term applied to a method name that has multiple meanings within a class. |
| precedence level | priority assigned to an operator. |
| primitive types | types that are used to store various kinds of numbers and can be used as ?building blocks? to build other types. These types include boolean, char, int, double, and others. |
| PrintStream class | a class that includes methods for displaying a value on the screen. |
| quotient | a whole number representing the number of times a dividend can be segmented into units equal to the divisor. |
| read-only items | an item, such as a constant, whose value can be read but not changed at run-time. |
| real number | a number that includes values to the left and right of a decimal point. |
| reference types | types that store references to objects, or instances of classes. Reference types are sometimes called class types because they are the names of classes. String, Scanner, and System are all examples of reference types. |
| remainder | a portion of the divisor that is left over after an integer division operation. |
| relational operator | one of six operators used in a boolean expression that compares two operands. The list of relational operators includes !=, ==, <. <=, >, and >=. |
| right associativity | rule that orders from the right operations that include multiple operators from the same precedence level. |
| Scanner class | used to create objects that can read primitive type values from the keyboard. |
| scientific notation | a number expressed in the form A.B x 10C where A, B, and C are integers. The equivalent representation in Java can be represented in Java as A.BeC. |
| short | a type that uses 16 bits to store integer values. A short type has less capacity than an int type or long type. |
| truth table | a table showing the value produced by a logical operator for each possible combination of operands. |
| type | information that specifies the kind of value that can be stored in a variable. Java uses primitive types to store the values of atomic variables and reference types to store references to objects. |
| Unicode | a standard code that Java uses to represent characters. Each letter, digit, or symbol is represented by a different number using 16 bits. The Unicode standard represents 216 = 65,536 different characters. |
