| A | B |
|---|
| due process of law | the constitutional right of every citizen to fair treatment under the law |
| substantive due process | the principle that insures that laws must be reasonable and fair to all citizens |
| procedural due process | rules of conduct for police officers, judges, lawyers and courts to protect persons suspected, accused or convicted of a crime |
| warrant | a court order that authorizes law enforcement to arrest, search or take evidence |
| probable cause | a reasonable belief that a particular crime has been or is being committed; needed for a search warrant |
| exclusionary rule | illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a federal court case |
| surveillance | close observation of and individual suspected of illegal activity |
| grand jury | people who decide if thereis enough evidence against the accused person to justify a criminal trial |
| capital crime | the death sentence is a possible penalty for this crime |
| prosecuting attorney | represents the government in charging and trying to prove a crime was committed |
| indictment | the formal charge that a person committed a crime made by the prosecuting attorney |
| true bill | the grand jury-s agreement with a prosecutor that evidence in a case warrants a trial |
| presentment | a formal written accusation presented by the grand jury after its investigation of a case |
| double jeopardy | bringing a person to trial repeatedly for the same crime |
| self-incrimination | giving testimony that might implicate oneself in criminal activity |
| immunity | the promise of legal authorities that testimony given by witnesses will not be used to prosecute them for crimes |
| petit jury | impartial people who evaluate evidence in a trial and decide if the accused is guilty or innocent |
| petit jury | trial jury |
| subpoena | a court order calling a person to appear as a witness |
| counsel | legal advice |
| public defender | a lawyer paid by the state and appointed by the court to defend a person who cannot afford legal aid |
| felony | a serious crime for which the prison sentence is more than one year |
| misdemeanor | a crime less serious than a felony |
| Miranda warnings | specific guidelines about police procedure for accused persons |
| bail | money for the release of an arrested person with a guaranatee the person will appear for a trial |
| Bail Reform Act | law requiring people in federal cases who cannot pay bail to be released if they are not accused of capital crimes and will appear in court |
| capital punishment | the death penalty |
| zones of privacy | where Americans expect to be free from government interference in their lives |
| Privacy Act | a law preventing certain information about a person's health, finances, and criminal records will made public only with their consent |
