| A | B |
|---|
| angiopathy | blood vessel disease |
| diabetes mellitus | a multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. |
| diabetic ketoacidosis DKA | an acute metabolic complication of diabetes occurring when fats are metabolized in the absence of insulin, resulting in formation of acid by-products, such as ketones. |
| diabetic nephropathy | a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus associated with damage to the small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidney. |
| diabetic neuropathy | nerve damage that occurs because of the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes mellitus and characterized by sensory and / or motor disturbances in the peripheral nervous system. |
| diabetic retinopathy | the process microvascular damage to the retina in patients with diabetes. |
| glycemic index GI | term used to describe the rise in blood glucose levels after a person has consumed a carbohydrate-containing food. |
| hyperosmolar hyperglycemic ketotic syndrome HHK | a life-threatenings syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion. |
| hypoglycemic unawareness | a condition in which a person does not experience the warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, increasing his or her risk for dangerously low blood glucose levels. |
| impaired fasting glucose | an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes where the fasting blood glucose level is greater than 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/L), but less than 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/L). |
| insulin pump | a small battery-operated device inserted into the subcutaneous tissue through a catheter in the abdominal wall, programmed to deliver a 24 hr. continuous infusion of short-acting insulin, the "basal rate". |
| intensive insulin therapy | multiple daily insulin injections together with frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose; alternative to insulin pump for tight glucose control. |
| lipodystrophy | hypertrophy or atrophy of subcutaneous tissue: may occur if the same injection sites are used frequently with the use of beef or beef and pork insulin. |
| prediabetes | impaired glucose tolerance: occurs when the alteration in Islets of Langerhans is mild and a 2-hr. plasma glucose level is higher than normal but lower than that considered diagnostic for diabetes. |
| self-monitoring of blood glucose SMBG | the use of blood glucose meters by patients to determine blood glucose levels and promote self-management decisions regarding diet, exercise, and medication. |
| Somogyi effect | a deceptive pattern during sleep resulting in high morning glucose rates, although the solution is actually lower insulin dosage. Excessive dosage triggers counterregulatory hormones that increase the blood glucose levels, resulting in incorrect morning test rates. |
