| A | B |
|---|
| Cell | basic unit of structure and function of a living thing; the smallest unit of life that conducts all life functions |
| Organelles | structures that are part of a cell that perform life functions |
| Cell membrane | thin, flexible, outside covering of a cell |
| Diffusion | one way in which materials move across the cell membrane |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane |
| Cytoplasm | all the gel-like fluid, or living material, inside a cell |
| Nucleus | cell structure that directs all activities of the cell; contains DNA |
| Vacuole | large, round sac in the cytoplasm of a cell; the storage center(s) in the cell |
| Chloroplasts | food-making structures within a plant cell; contain chlorophyll that enable plant to perform photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | rod-shaped structures the are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell; use oxygen to release energy from food – respiration takes place here |
| Cell wall | outermost boundary of plant cells that is made of cellulose; provide extra support and shape for plant cells |
| Organism | entire living thing that carries out all the basic life function |
| Bacteria | unicellular microorganism that does not have a nucleus; |
| Protists | organisms of the kingdom Protista; usually one-celled, have a nuclear membrane, live in moist conditions |
| Flagella | protists, like the euglena, move through the use of a long whip-like structure |
| Cilia | protists, like paramecium, move by beating tiny hair-like projections |
| Pseudopods | protists, like the amoeba, move by extending their bodies with finger-like projections, false-feet, and then pulling the rest of their body forward |
| Virus | an infectious structure that can only grow and reproduce by invading a living cell; are not cells themselves but do contain genetic material wrapped in a protein coat |
| Photosynthesis | a survival process in a plant that allows it to make its own food |
| Waste elimination/ Diffusion | a survival process by which food molecules, oxygen, water, and other materials enter and leave a cell through the membrane |
| Mitosis | the process of cell reproduction by which the nucleus divides into two nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell had; enables a cell to make an exact copy of itself |
| Genetics | the study of heredity |
| Trait | physical characteristics passed on from parent to offspring |
| Genes | the basic cellular unit of heredity |
| Chromosomes | structures found in the nucleus of a cell that contain genetic information |
| Inheritance / Heredity | the passing of traits from one generation to another |
| Allele | each form of a gene |
| Phenotype | visible characteristic of an organism; encompasses an organisms physical and behavioral characteristics |
| Genotype | a set of genes carried by the organism |
| Inherited traits | characteristics of an organism that are passed from parent to offspring |
| Dominant | the stronger trait in genetics; masks the recessive trait in a chromosome pair |
| Recessive | the weaker trait in genetics; it is fully or partially masked in a chromosome pair |
| Punnett square | tool used to show probability of allele combinations |
| Probability | the likelihood of a certain outcome expressed as a probability |
| Monohybrid cross | the inheritance of a single characteristic |
| Purebred | when two alleles for a trait are the same, e.g. TT, or tt |
| Hybrid | when two alleles for a trait are different, e.g. Tt |
| Acquired traits | any characteristic or behavior that is not genetic/inherited is said to be the result of environmental factors; e.g. temperature, diet/nutrients, disease, medical care, or living conditions |
