| A | B |
|---|
| Confederacy | The states that seceded from the Union |
| First Battle of Bull Run | Union defeat at this battle made it clear that the North would need a large, well-trained army to defeat the South. |
| Enforcement Acts | Intended to combat the activities of the Ku Klux Klan |
| Compromise of 1877 | Deal that gave Rutherford B. Hayse the presidency when the election yielded no clear winner. |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | President who ended Reconstruction. |
| Levi Coffin | Quaker who sheltered escaped African Americans. |
| Andersonville | Prison in the South where thousands of prisoners of war died of exposure, lack of food, and disease. |
| New Orleans | The South's largest city and center of the cotton trade. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican president during the Civil War. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Declared that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property "without due process of law." |
| Know-Nothings | Nativists who became the American Party. |
| Vicksburg | City on the Mississippi River whose capture by Grant cut the Confederacy in two. |
| Cotton Whigs | The group of Northern Whigs who opposed Taylor and voted with the Southern Whigs. |
| David Farragut | Union naval commander who destroyed a Confederate fleet defending Mobile Bay. |
| transcontinental railroad | The subject of sectional conflict over its route and its starting point. |
| Fort Sumter | Site of the first shots fired in the Civil War. |
| Conscience Whigs | The Northern Whigs who opposed slavery. |
| Robert E. Lee. | Asked to command the Union Army but would not fight against his home state. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Commander of the Union Army and later the Republican president during Reconstruction. |
| Henry Wirtz | The only Confederate officer executed for war crimes committed during the Civil War. |
| William T. Sherman | Union commander who captured Atlanta and marched to Savannah. |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Radical Republican leader who said his followers wanted to "revolutionize Southern institutions, habits, and manners." |
| Andrew Johnson | President who pardoned thousands of Southerners while Congress was not in session. |
| Edwin M. Stanton, | Secretary of War under Lincoln and Johnson. |
| Horace Greeley | Newspaperman who was nominated for president in 1872 by Liberal Republicans. |
| William Belknap | Grant's secretary of war who accepted bribes. |
| Samuel Tilden | Democratic candidate who lost the presidential election in the Compromise of 1877. |
| Military Reconstruction Act | Divided the former Confederacy into five districts. |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Declared that the right to vote "shall not be denied...on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." |
| Tenure of Office Act | Passed to prevent President Johnson from firing his Secretary of War. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | Allowed African Americans to own property. |
| crop liens | Merchants could take a farmer's crops to cover debts. |
| tenant farmers | Paid rent for the land they farmed. |
| sharecroppers | Paid a share of their crops for the land they farmed. |
| George McClellan | Commander of the Army of the Potomac who trained and organized it, he later ran for president in 1864. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Lincoln's assassin. |
| South Carolina | First state to seceded from the Union. |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Engaged in debates with Lincoln for the Senate and formulated the Freeport Doctrine. |
| Zachary taylor | Whig candidate in 1848 and hero of the war with mexico. |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Amendment that banned slavery in the United States. |
