| A | B |
|---|
| calorie | the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree |
| glycolysis | the first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| cellular respiration | the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen; made up of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain |
| NAD+ | (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) the electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| fermentation | the process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| anaerobic | the process that does not require oxygen |
| aerobic | the process that requires oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | the second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
| electron transport chain | a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP |
