| A | B |
|---|
| Karyotype | Picture of chromosomes |
| Sex chromosomes | Only two out of the 46 human chromosomes |
| Autosomes | 44 non-sex chromosomes |
| Male chromosomes | XY |
| Female chromosomes | XX |
| Single X chromosome | All normal egg cells carry it |
| Pedigree | Chart showing relationships within a family |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Autosomal disorder caused by recessive alleles |
| Huntington's disease | Autosomal disorder caused by dominant alleles |
| Sickle cell disease | Autosomal disorder caused by codominant alleles |
| Cystic fibrosis | Usually caused by deletion of 3 bases in DNA of a gene |
| Sex-linked genes | Located on X & Y chromosomes |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | Sex-linked disorder |
| Nondisjunction | Homologous chromosomes failing to separate |
| 47, XXY | Klinefelter's syndrome |
| 45, X | Turner's syndrome |
| DNA fingerprinting | Procedure used to identify individuals |
| Human Genome Project | Ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence |
| Gene Therapy | Absent or faulty gene replaced by a normal one |
| Agarose gel | Special gel used in DNA fingerprinting activity |
| Hemophilia | sex-linked disorder - blood not clotting |
| X chromosome | Carried by half of all sperm cells |
| Tay-Sachs disease | Autosomal disorder - mental deficiency, death in early childhood |
| Rh blood group | Determined by single gene with two alleles |
| Chorionic villus biopsy | Screening technique to detect abnormalities in a fetus |
