| A | B |
|---|
| prehistory | the period of time before writing and other record keeping systems were developed |
| Stone Age | the name for the prehistoric period when tools and weapons were made of stone |
| Migrate | to move from one country to another |
| Old Stone Age | the earliest and longest part of the Stone Age |
| New Stone Age | the part of the stone age in which farming was developed |
| Artifact | an object made by a human in the distant past |
| Cuture | the uique way of life of a people |
| Fossil | traces of ancient animals and plant life preserved in rock |
| Carbon-14 dating | analysis of the amount of carbon 14 within a once-living material |
| Nomad | one of a group of people who have no fixed hom eand wanders from place to place |
| Glacier | a huge slow-moving sheets of ice |
| Ritual | a religious ceremony |
| Ice Age | one of the extremely long periods during which the temperature in the North became cold enough to make glacier |
| Artisan | a worker with a skill in a specific craft |
| Barter | trade without the use of money |
| Excavate | to dig up an archeological site |
| Bronze Age | the period when bronze replaced copper and stone as the main material used in tools and weapons |
| Division of Labor | dividing labor within a community |
| Domesticate | to tame a wild animal |
| Technology | the development of methods,materials, and toold used in doing work |
| Civilization | an advanced level of culture |
| Theocracy | a form of gov. in which people think that their ruler is a god or a represenative of the gods |
| City- State | an idenpendent self- governing community |
| Ziggurat | one of the large brick temples built by the people of ancient Mesopotamia |
| Bazaar | marketplace |
| Scribe | a record-keeper |
| Cuneiform | a system of writing |
| Empire | a state in which one ruler controls several kingdoms or territories |
| Polytheism | a belief in many gods |
| Code of Hammurabi | the laws of Hammurabi |
| Benisten Rock | a cliff in Iran that provided the key to cuneiform |
| Dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family |
| Pharoah | a ruler of ancient Egypt |
| Tribute | payment demanded from conquered people |
| Hieroglyphics | ncient Egyptain writing |
| Papyrus | a reed- like plant |
| Rosetta Stone | a stone tablet which had hieroglyphics, recent Egyptain script, and Greek |
| Surplus | a supply greater than what is needed |
| Iron Age | the period in which the knowledge of ironwoking spread |
| Ten Commandments | the laws given to Moses by God |
| Judaism | the Hebrew religion |
| Monotheism | the belief in one God |
| Torah | the Hebrew name for the first five books of the Bible |
| Money Economy | an economic system based on the use of money |
| Zoroatrianism | a religion found by the teacher Zoroaster which was based on the struggle between good and evil |
| Prophet | a person who is believed to be able to communicate to God |
| Exodus | the flight of the Hebrews from Egypt |
| Hellenic Age | when Greek civilization took shape and retreived its height |
| colony | a settlement of people in a terrritory outside their homeland |
| Oracle | a temple where priest and priestess in ancient Greece gave prophecies |
| Ilaid | one of the two epice written by Homer about two heroes of the Trojan war |
| Odysseus | one of Homer's epics that told the tale of Odysseus |
| Polis | a city- state of ancient Greece |
| Acropolis | the highest ground in a Greek city |
| Agora | the marketplace in ancient Greece |
| Helot | a farm laborer in ancient Sparta |
| Democracy | a form of gov. based on the rule by the people |
| Archon | one of the groups choden by the nobles |
| Tyrant | a ruler who held complete power |
| Ostracism | the practice of forcing a person believed to be dangerous |
| Persian Wars | the long struugle of the Greek city- states against the Persian Empires attempt at Conquest |
| Direct Democracy | a form of gov. in which all citizens can participate first hand |
| Classical | a style of art and thought emphasizing order ans simplicity |
| Parthenon | a temple of Athens which stands on the Acropolis in Athens |
| Natural laws | the general rules that nature follows |
| Sophist | a teacher ho traveled from town to town to teach people |
| Socratic method | the technique qho encouraged people to become aware of their own views by asking questions |
| Peloponnesian War | the war betwwen Athens and Sparta |
| Hellenistic Age | the time when Greek culture spread through the lands yhe conquered |
| Epicureanism | a Hellenistic school of philosophy that stressed simple intrests |
| Stoicism | a Hellenistic school tat stressed self control, and reason |
| Stoa | an open porch used as a meeting place |
| Republic | a a form of gov. in which people chose rep. to govern them |
| Patricians | the class of wealthy landowners |
| Veto | to reject a proposal or act |
| Plebeian | a member of the class of common people |
| Twelve Tables | the Roman laws |
| Punic War | the wars fought by Rome and the North African states |
| Dictator | a ruler with absolute power |
| First Triumvirate | the three Roman generals who ruled Rome from 60 to 46 B.C. |
| Second Triumvirate | the three supporters of Julius Caesar |
| Pax Romana | when ancient Rome ruled teh empire and it was peaceful and prosperious |
| Law of Succession | stated how a gov, will replace leaders who die or resign |
| Circus Maximus | an outdoor arenain which people came and watched races |
| Colosseum | a Roman outdoor arena in which public games were held |
| Gladiator | a slave or criminl who fought each other as entertainment in Rome |
| Oratory | a part of public speaking |
| Greco- Roman Culture | a culture that blended Greek and Roman cultures |
| Aqueduct | a bridge that channeled water over a distance |
| Law of Nations | a branch of Roman law that was applied to citizens in all parts of the Empire regardless of nationality |
