| A | B |
|---|
| Balance of Trade | The relationship between a country's imports and exports. |
| Mercantilism | An economic system based on trade. |
| Colony | A settlement of land ruled by another country. |
| Exports | Goods sent out of the country for sale. |
| Imports | Goods brought into the country for sale. |
| Raw Materials | Materials found in nature that are used for economic gain. |
| Parliament | The legislative (law making) body in the English government |
| Navigation Acts | A series of laws passed by Parliament to regulate trade in the 13 Colonies. |
| Dominion of New England | A union of all English colonies from Maine to New Jersey. |
| Glorious Revolution | The transfer of the British monarchy from James II to William and Mary in 1688. |
| Salutary Neglect | An English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in the American colonies in return for their economic loyalty. |
| Smuggle | To move goods illegally in or out of a country. |
| Persecute | To subject someone to hostility or mistreatment because of their beliefs |
| Cash Crop | A crop grown primarily for sale, not for personal use. |
| Triangular Trade | A series of trade routes that connected Europe, Africa and the Americas. |
| Middle Passage | The journey of African slaves from Africa to the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| Stono Rebellion | A 1739 slave rebellion near Charleston, SC |
| Rural | relating to the countryside |
| West Indies | The islands of the Caribbean Sea. |
| Bondage | The state of being a slave |
| Endure | To tolerate or suffer through |
| Militia | A small, voluntary army |
| Enlightenment | An 18th century movement focusing on the use of reason and logic to understand the world. |
| Great Awakening | An 18th century religious revival that swept through the 13 English Colonies. |
| New France | The general name for all French colonies in North America (mostly modern day Canada) |
| French and Indian War | A war between England and France for control of North America. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | English policy of banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Sugar Act | Law passed by Parliament in an effort to reduce smuggling in the Colonies. |
| Island | Land surrounded by water |
| Archipelago | chain of islands |
| Cape | Narrow strip of land that sticks out into the water. |
| Peninsula | Piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. |
| Hill | Area of raised land lower than a mountain. |
| Mountain | High, steep land that rises sharply above the surrounding land. |
| Plain | Level land that is at or near sea level. |
| Plateau | Level land that is at a higher altitude. |
| Desert | Area with little or no water or plants. |
| Coast | Land that borders the sea/ ocean. |
| Continent | Any of seven large land masses on the Earth's surface. |
| Isthmus | Narrow strip of land that connects to larger land areas. |
| Strait | Narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water. |
| River | Large stream of water that empties into an ocean, lake or another river. |
| Bay | A part of a body of water that is partly enclosed by land. |
| Gulf | An arm of an ocean or sea that is partly enclosed by land; a large bay |
| Lake | A body of fresh water surrounded by land. |
| Sea | A large body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean. |
| Ocean | Any of the four large bodies of salt water on the Earth's surface. |
| Historical Perspective | An understanding of the people and/ or events in the context of their times. |
| Empire | A large politcal unit, under one leader, that controls many different peoples. |
| Impose | To forcibly put into place. |
| Rebel (verb) | To resist in opposition to; to resist the authority of. |
| Subdue | To overcome or bring under control. |
| Colony | A foreign settlement of land belonging to a parent country. |
| Conversion | A change in which a person adopts a new belief, opinion or religion. |
| New Spain | The general name for all Spanish territory in Central America and Mexico. |
| Missionary | A person who travels to spread their religion. |
| Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent. |
| Encomienda System | Spanish system for the enslavement of the Native Americans. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered in the Americas. |
| Powhatan | Native Americans living in Virginia. |
| Plantation | A very large farm. |
| Levy | To impose or collect (a tax) |
| Peninsula | An area of land surrounded on three sides by water. |
| Royal Colony | A colony under direct control of the English monarch, not a joint stock company. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion of mostly landless, former indentured servants against upper class Virginia society. |
| Flourish | To develop rapidly and successfully. |
| Headright System | A system in which a person who pays for their voyage to Virginia is given 50 acres of land. |
| House of Burgesses | The elected legislature in the colony (and later state) of Virginia. |
| Indentured Servant | A person who exchanges the cost of the journey to the Americas for a set term of unpaid labor, usually 4-7 years. |
| Jamestown | Colony founded by the Virginia Company in 1607 and named for King James I of England. It was the first successful English colony in America. |
| Joint Stock Company | Several people/ groups combining their money to do something too expensive for an individual, such as colonization or exploration. |
