| A | B |
|---|
| opportunity cost | the choice we make between doing two different things |
| supply | how much of something a store has |
| demand | how much something is wanted by others |
| price | the higher the demand the higher the price |
| price | the higher the supply the lower the price |
| scarcity | something that there isn't much of like gold so it is very valuable |
| inflation | a period of time when all prices go up |
| deflation | a period of time when all prices go down |
| political map | has names of cities, states, and countries |
| physical map | has the geography (landforms, rivers, etc.) but no names of cities or states |
| checks and balances | ways to keep all three branches of government with an equal amount of power; keeps one branch from becoming to powerful |
| Branches of government | Legislative, Executive, and Judicial |
| Coastal Plain | flat land near ocean where people farm and fish |
| Continental Divide | On the West Coast near California and includes Rocky Mountains |
| Death Valley | Hot desert climate near California and Nevada |
| Great Plains | flat farmlands located in the cental part of United States; mostly grass |
| Grand Canyon | Created by Colorado River and located in Arizona |
| Gulf of Mexico | body of ocean water between Texas and Florida |
| Appalachian Mountains | Mountains that start in Georgia and run up the East Coast to New York |
| Declaration of Independence | Stated that the 13 colonies wanted independence from England |
| United States Constitution | the written plan for the United States government |
| Bill of Rights | 1st ten amendments to the Constitution; these protect individual rights |
| Federal System | separates powers between local, state, and national government |
| artifacts | tools, art, writings, weapons, etc. used by a group of people |
| geography | the landforms, rivers, forests, etc. |
| adobe | a house made of dirt built in the dessert regions |
| pueblo | houses built into the sides of cliffs in the dessert regions |
| sod house | a house made of grass in the grasslands |
| Long House | a house made of wood that that was very long; built in forests |
| indenture servant | a person who works for another person for 7 years to pay off a debt (money owed) |
| slave | work for another person for life; usually you are born into this |
| plantations | large farms in the South that used slaves |
| merchants | store owners |
| artisans | someone who makes things by hand like glass, pottery, wood furniture, metal objects, etc. |
| french exploration | Came up the Mississippi and were interested in the Ohio River Valley and Canada; mainly trappers who got furs |
| english exploration | 13 Colonies; came for religious freedom, searching for gold, or searching for a better life |
| spanish exploration | Conquistadors in search of Gold; they were mostly soldiers who would take what they wanted; explored Mexico, Florida, California, etc. |
| major cities in colonies near | waterways (rivers, ports, bays) because all goods came from Europe across the Atlantic Ocean |
| almanac | a book of facts about a particular year; covers a wide variety of topics |
| atlas | book of maps |
| Preamble "We the People" | This statement says that the people agree or consent to having a government |
| southern colonies | Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland - large farming plantations |
| middle colonies | Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, New York - forests and farming |
| New England Colonies | shipbuilding, lumber, factories - |
| Olive Branch Petition | petition stating the problems the colonists had with England - King George III ignored it |
| Treaty of Paris | Ended the American Revolution - this was an agreement between England and United STates on peace |
| United STates Constitution | our plan of government |
| No taxation without Representation | the king can't tax us if he isn't willing to hear our point of view |
| Conquistadors | spanish explorers who didn't work with the indians they attacked them and took their gold |
| Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence River and Canada |
| Ponce de Leon | Tried to find Fountain of Youth |
| Balboa | Discovered Pacific Ocean |
| Henry Hudson | Explored norther Canada and the polar regions - Hudson Bay and Hudson River named after him |
| Inuits | Eskimoes who built igloos |
| Pacific Northwest | totem poles, eagles, mountain region |
| nomads | groups that didn't live in any one place for long because followed the herds of buffalo |
| Anasazi | lived in dessert in adobes and pueblos |
| Lexington and Concord | Shots heard round the world - first shots of revolution |
| Sons of Liberty | dropped tea in the harbor |
| French and Indian War | cost so much to defend the colonists that it led to taxes |
| Ohio River Valley | Primary area fought over during the French and Indian War |
| Louisiana Purchase | Thomas Jefferson bought this from France and it opened up exploration of the west coast |
| Lewis and Clarke | first to explore west coast |
| 1st amendment | freedom of speech, press, and religion |
| amendment | something that is added on to the existing constitution |
| Yorktown | where the British under Cornwallis finally surrendered to end the revolutionary war |
| Roanoake Island | The lost colony where all the colonists disappeared |
| Jamestown | 1st English settlement that didn't do well because built in swamp |
| Pilgrims | landed at Plymouth and were separatists; left England for religious freedom |
| Puritans | Wanted to purify people who were considered dirty; left England for religious freedom |
| Quakers | founded Pennsylvania; left England for religious freedom |
| Oglethorpe | started colony of Georgia |
