| A | B |
|---|
| forms a protective boundary between Earth and space and provides conditions that are suitable for life | atmosphere |
| Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of ____, _____, _____, and _____ , in which tiny solid and liquid particles are suspended. | nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, other gases |
| Oxygen makes up about ____% of Earth's atmosphere | 21% |
| Nitrogen makes up about ___ % of Earth's atmosphere | 78% |
| Other gases make up about ___% of Earth's atmosphere | 1% |
| The amount of _____ in air varies from 0.02%-4.0%. | water vapor |
| As altitude increases, what happens? | air pressure and density decrease |
| What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere? | troposphere, stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere |
| Which is the lowest layer in which most weather occurs? | troposphere |
| Where is the ozone layer located? | upper stratosphere |
| What causes day and night? | Earth's rotation |
| Earth complete orbit around the sun is equal to one ____ or one ______. | year, revolution |
| Earth moves in two major ways _____ and _____. | rotation and revolution |
| Scientists use lines of latitude to mark out three different types of regions with similar temperatures. They are ___, ____, and ____. | tropic, temperate, and polar zones |
| The air is very ____ in the mesosphere. Most ____ that enter atmosphere burn up in this layer. | thin, meteoroids |
| The ______ are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis as it moves around the sun. | seasons |
| It is generally warmer near the _____ than near the poles. | Equator (tropic zone) |
| Temperate and Polar zones are _____ then the tropic zone. | cooler |
| Some solar energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere is ____ back, some is ______ by the atmosphere and Earth's surface. | reflected, absorbed |
| ____% of incoming sunlight absorbed by clouds and gases. | 20% |
| ____% of solar energy is absorbed by surface. | 50% |
| ____% of solar energy is reflected by surface | 5% |
| ____% of solar energy is reflected by clouds, dust, and gases | 25% |
| Energy is transferred within the troposhere in three ways: | radiation, convection, and conduction |
| _____ are caused by differences in air pressure (usually from higher pressure to lower pressure). | Winds |
| The breezes that occur where land meets a large body of water are examples of ____ | local winds |
| what are some examples of global winds? | trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies |
| The atmosphere is heated primarily by energy that is _____ by Earth's surface. | reradiated |
| The equator is at ___ degrees and the North Pole is at ___ north latitude | 0, 90 |
| Earth is ____ toward the poles | colder |
| The ______ zones are located between 23.5 degrees N to 66.5 degrees N and from 23.5 degrees S to 66.5 degrees S. | temperate |
| The _____ zones are located from 66.5 degrees N and S to the north and south poles | polar |
| What are three basic cloud forms? | stratus, cumulus, cirrus |
| when nimbo- or -nimbus is added to the cloud name it means that the cloud produces ______. | precipitation |
| The most common forms of precipitation are ___, ____, and ___. | rain, snow, hail, sleet, freezing rain |
| The size and shape of snowflakes depends on the ___ at which they form. | temperature |
| Freezing rain is rain that freezes after ____. | hitting the surface |
| ____ is precipitation in the form of ice particles that are usually smaller than ___ millimeters in diameter | 5 mm |
| ____ is rain that freezes as it falls. It rarely damages crops or vehicles directly. | sleet |
| forms within cumulonimbus clouds when ice pellets are tossed up and down by rising and falling air. as the ice is tossed about, it collides and combines with water droplets that then freeze creating more layers of ice | Hail |
