| A | B |
|---|
| Genotype | The gene makeup of a trait. |
| Phenotype | The physical make up of a trait. |
| Genetics | The science that studies heredity. |
| Heredity | The passing on of genes/traits from parent to offspring. |
| Dominant | The stronger of two traits. |
| Recessive | The weaker of two traits. |
| Homozygous | When the two genes for a trait are the same. |
| Heterozygous | When the two genes for a trait are different. |
| Trait | Traits are unique characteristics that are passed on from parent to offspring. |
| Gene | A location on a chromosome. |
| Principle of Segregation | The two factors for a characteristic separate during the formation of eggs and sperm. |
| Principle of Independent Assortment | The factors for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently. |
| Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness | One factor (gene) in the pair may mask the effect of the other. |
| Variation | The appearance of an inherited trait or a behavior that makes one organism different from others of the same species. |
| Pedigree | A tool used to show the history of a trait through a family. |
