| A | B |
|---|
| sporophyte | diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism |
| gametophyte | haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism |
| bryophyte | nonvascular plant |
| rhizoid | in fungi, a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object |
| gemma | small cip-shaped structure in liverworts that contains many haploid; used for asexual reproduction |
| proronema | a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage |
| antheridium | male reproductive structure in some algae and plants |
| archegonium | egg cells |
| vascular tissue | Transport system specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant |
| tracheid | key cells in xylem-one of the great evolutionary innovations of the plant kingdom |
| xylem | transport subsystem that carries water upwards fromt he root |
| phloem | second transport subsystem composed of vascular tissues |
| lignin | substance that makes cell wasll ridgid |
| root | underground organs that absorb water |
| leaf | photosynthetic organs that contain one or more vascular tissue |
| vein | made of xylem and phloem |
| stem | supporting structures that connect roots and leaves |
| rhizome | creeping underground stems |
| frond | large leaves |
| sporangium | tiny containers |
| sorus | clusters of sporangium |
| gymnosperm | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cone |
| angiosperm | flowering plant; bears its seed within a layer of tissue that protect the seed |
| cone | in gymnosperms a seed-bearing structure |
| flower | seed-bearing structure of an angiosperm |
| pollen grain | male gametphytes |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure |
| seed | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply |
| embryo | organism in its early stage of development |
| seed coat | structure that surrounds and protects a plant embryo and keeps it from drying out |
| fruit | wall of tissue surrounding an angiosperm seed |
| monocot | angiosperm whose seed have one cotyledon |
| dicot | agiosperm whose seeds have two cotyledons |
| cotyledon | first leaf or the first pair of leaves produced by embryo of a seed plant |
| annual | flowering plant that completes a life cycle within one growing season |
| biennial | flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years |
| perennial | flower plant that live for more than two years |
