| A | B |
|---|
| where air enters the nasal cavities | nostrils |
| divides the nasal cavities into halves | septum |
| functions of the nasal cavity mucosa | warm, filter, humidify |
| passageway common to the digestive & respiratory systems; the throat | pharynx |
| below the pharynx; branches into the bronchi; windpipe | trachea |
| re-enforce the trachea & prevent it from collapsing | cartilage rings |
| voice box | larynx |
| elastic fibrous tissue that vibrates with exhaled air and allow speech | vocal cords |
| smallest respiratory passageways | bronchioles |
| food passageway posterior to the trachea | oesophagus |
| closes off the trachea during swallowing | epiglottis |
| numerous to increase the amount of gass exchange | alveoli |
| period of breathing when air enters the lungs | inspiration |
| period of breathing when air exits the lungs | expiration |
| alternate flushing of air into and out of the lungs | ventilation (breathing) |
| loss of elasticity of the alveolar sacs; cannot rid themselves of carbon dioxide | emphysema |
| respiratory passageways narrowed by bronchiolar spasms | asthma |
| sudden inspiration resulting from spasms of the diaphragm | hiccup |
| deep breath taken, air forced out; clears lower respiratory passageways | cough |
| deep breath taken, air forced out; clears upper respiratory passageways | sneeze |
| increases ventilation of the lungs; believed to be initiated by a need to increase oxygen levels in the blood | yawn |
| bacterium infection that destroys lung tissue and replaces it with fibrous tissue | tuberculosis |
| respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing | tidal volume |
| total amount of exchangeable air | vital capacity |
| amount of air that cannot be forced from the lungs | residual volume |
| means of gas exchange at the lungs or body cells | diffusion |
| direction of movement of gases in diffusion | from higher to lower concentration |
| movement of carbon dioxide in the body | from tissue cells to capillary blood to alveolar air |
| direction of movement of oxygen in the body | from alveoli air to capillary blood to tissue cells |
| blood poor in carbon dioxide and rich in oxygen | arterial blood |
| blood rich in carbon dioxide but poor in oxygen | venous blood |
| causes an increased use of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes | exercise |
| thorax & lung volume during diaphragm contraction | increases |
| thorax pressure during diaphragm contraction | decreases |
| direction of rib movement during diaphragm contraction | out |
| push mucus and germs to the back of the throat | cilia |
