| A | B |
|---|
| asthma characerized by 3 things: | smooth muscle constriction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory response |
| 4 mediators involved in asthmatic response | histamines, leukotrienes, prostatglandin, interlukins |
| things that trigger asthma | exercise, cold, drugs, allergies |
| drugs that can cause asthmatic response | nsaid's and beta blockers |
| 2 main categories of asthma drugs | bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents |
| examples of bronchodilators | beta 2 agonists, methylxanthins, anticholinergic bronchodilators |
| example of beta 2 agonist | albuterol, terbutaline, metoproterenol |
| examples of methylxanine | theophylline |
| example of anticholingeric bronchodilators | ipatropipum bromide |
| 3 types of inhaled bronchodilators | dry powder inhaler, metered dose inhaler, nebulizers |
| how long to separate puffs in mdi's | 1 minute |
| what percentage of drug reaches lungs with mdi | 10% |
| amt. of drug affecting oropharynx | 80% |
| why to use spacers | decreased need for hand lung coordination, decreased deposition of drug on oropharyngeal mucosa, increased delivery of drug to lung |
| what medication are spacers best used for? | inhaled glucocorticoids |
| use of spacer increases medication deposition in lungs to | 21% |
| advantages of dpi's | breath activated, no hand lung coordination, no cfc's,up to 20% can reach the lung |
| disadvantages of dpi's | require deep and foreceful inspirations |
| advantages of nebulizer | droplets finer than those administered by inhalers, no hand lung coordination |
| disadvantages of nebulizers | several minutes to deliver, limited portability, not all drugs are available |
| beta 2 adrenergic agent that is used to treat preterm labor | terbulatline |
| beta 2 agonist which lasts for 12 hours; may be used for nocturnal asthma | salbuterol |
| beta 2 agonist which comes in auto inhaler form | pirbuterol |
| not used anymore because stimulates more than just beta 2 | isoproteronol |
| most effective med for acute bronchospasm or prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm | beta 2 agonists 1 |
| beta 2 agonists are what kind of medication | sympathomimetics |
| 3 actions of beta 2 agonists | stimulates b2 receptors to produce bronchodilation, suppresses histamine release in the lungs, increases ciliary motility |
| newer bronchodilators act mostly on | beta 2 receptors (not beta 1 or alpha 1) |
| how long do most bronchodilators last | 4-6 hours |
| adverse effects of bronchodilators | tremors, dizziness, anxiety, nervousness, angina, insomnia, bronchospasm, tachydysrhythmias, hyperglycemia |
| precautions / contraindicatons to b 2 a a's | tachycardia, arrhythmias, hyperthryoidism, heart disease, angina |
| b2 aa drug interactions | beta blockers, maoi inhibibitors & tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate action on vascular system, methylxanthines may cause cardia arrythmias |
| used to treat overdoses of beta 2 agonists | beta blockers |
| which inhaler to use first? | beta 2 agonists 2 |
