| A | B |
|---|
| example of methylxanthines | theophylline, aminophylline |
| methylxanthis work by causing buildup of cyclic amp causing | bronchial relaxation and stabilizaiton of mast cells |
| methylxanthins metabolized by | liver |
| side effects of mythlyxanthins | GI (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), GI bleeding, cv stimulation (tachycardia then v fib), cns stim (tremor, insomnia, seizures, headaches), hyperglycemia |
| tx for methylx toxicity | stop drug; ipecac, charcoal, iv fluids, lidocaine for vfib, diazepam for sz, mech ventilation if not breathing! |
| drug interactions with methylx | caffeine, cimetidine, beta blockers, macrolide antibiotics |
| methylx levels will increase with | caffeine, cimietidine, beta blockers, macrolides |
| methylx levels will decrease with | barbiturates, phentyoin, synthroid, smoking |
| ideal theophylline levels | 10-20 |
| administration of theophylline instructions | don;'t chew or crush long active tablets, take with full glass water, minimize caffeine, don't take close to bedtime (won't sleep) |
| cautions for iv theophylline | slow iv infusion, don't mix with others, |
| iv infusion max rate | 25 mg./min or get hypotension & die! |
| example of muscarinic antagonist | ipatropium bromide |
| effects of inhaled glucocorticoids | dec. inflammation, dec. mucous production, dec. bronchial hyperresponsiveness |
| what med is often added to adjunctive tx to short acting bronchodilators | add on inhaled glucocorticoids |
| give oral glucocorticoids when & how | in am, every other day (qod) with food |
| examples of inhaler glucocorticoids no one uses anymore | blecamethasone, dexamethasone, flunisolide, triamcinolone |
| examples of mast cell stabilizers | cromolyn sodium (Intal) |
| how mast cell stabilizers work | stabilize cytoplasmic membrane preventing release of histamine and leukotrienes |
| how long it can take mast cell stabilizers to work | 1 week |
| mast cell stabilizers used for | allergic rhinitis, chronic asthma, noctual asthma, prophylactic for exercise induced asthma |
| side effects of mast cell stabilizers | bad taste, wheezing & coughing in dpi |
| difference between nedocromil sodium & cromolyn sodium | nedocromil sodium NOT used for noctural |
| example of leukotriene modifiers | montelukast, zafirleukast |
| leukotriene modifiers use in which age | over 12 |
| side effects leukotriene modifiers | headache, gi, generally well tolerated |
| most effective for seasonal rhinitis | intranasal glucocorticoids |
| adverse effects intranasal glucocorticoids | dry nose, nose bleeds, headaches |
| nasal cromolyn | not eeffective for nonallergic rhinitis |
| sympathomimetics work by | stimulating alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction & decreased nasal drainage |
| examples of nasal decongestants | oxymetalazone, pseudoephedrine, phelyephrine, |
| contraindications/ precautions of decongestants | HTN, CAD, asthma, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, glaucoma |
| side effects of decongestants | tolerance, rebound congestion, cns effects, hyperglycmeia |
| drug interactions wtih decongestants | beta blockers (decongesetants decrase the effect of certain b blockers), caffeine |
| antitussive, examples | codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine |
| antissuvies act on | medulla |
| narcotic antitussives examples | codeine, hydrocodone |
| non narcotic antitussive examples | dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine |
| mucolytics example | acetylcysteine |
| use of mucolytics | toxicity for tylenol, copd disorders |
| side effects of mucolytics | stomatitis, bronchospams |
| expectorants example | guafenesin, SSKI (potassium idode) |
| avoid SSKI in | hyperkalemia |
