| A | B |
|---|
| Quarks | the basic building block for other subatomic particles |
| Hennig Brand | made first scientific discovery in 1649-Phosphorus |
| "de chancourtois" | french geologist - lined up elements in increasing atomic weight on a cylinder. If 8 elements lined up on own=related |
| Father of Periodic Table | Mendleev- Russian |
| Mendeleev's Periodic Table | cards for each atomic number-density-color-melting point-valence number |
| Valence Number | # of electrons that are free to bond with other elements |
| Mendeleev - | arranged elements by increasing atomic mass |
| Henry Moseley | came up with idea of atomic #(number of protons in the nucleus) |
| New Periodic Law | physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number |
| Columns of the Periodic table | -vertical - 8 main columns(families/groups) - elements in same family have similar, but not identical properties |
| Rows in the Periodic table | -horizontal -Also called periods -7 main periods -elements in periodis do NOT have similar properties, but patterns do occur across the table |
| Periodic Properties | properties that occur at regular intervals |
| electron arrangement | # electrons in the outermost energy level - there involved in bonding |
| Metals | shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting points, ductile, malleable, dense -88 elements are metals |
| non-metals | bad conductors of heat and electricity, dark, low melting points, brittle, not malleable, not dense |
| PP #1 | amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom increases as we move from left to right |
| pp #2 | metallic properties decrase as we from from left to right |
| Chemical prop's of metals | tend to lose electrons easily, react easily w/ water, tend to become positive due to the losing of electrons |
| Chemical prop's of non-metals | gain electron easily(forming negative ions), do not corrode easily, do not react easily w/ water and other elements |
| metalloids | all are solids, look like metals(not as shiny), white/grey in color, ductile & malleable, most conduct heat, but not as well as metals |
| Alkali metals | one electron in outermost energy level, tend to lose electron - forming positive ions |
| Alkali earth metals | 2 valence electrons, held more tightly, takes more energy to lose 2 electrons than 1, reactive |
| positive ion | positively charged particles - lose 2 electrons, double positive charge |
| transition metals | 30 elements, similar to each other, less reactive, have more than 1 oxidation # |
| oxidation # | number of electrons that an atom gains, loses, or shares when combined w/ another element |
| Halogens | strongly nonmetallic, gain electrons, 7 electrons in outermost energy level, very reactive, low melting and boiling points. |
| noble gases | colorless, higly unreactive, inert, 8 valence electrons |
| He | 2 electrons, fills 1st energy level |
| inert | do not combine with other elements to form compounds |
