| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | Deoxyribose nucleic acid; molecule that holds the genetic code for making proteins |
| RNA | Ribose nucleic acid; copies the code from DNA and helps make protein |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; is the copy made from the DNA that is read by the ribosome |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; the RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |
| rRNA | reading RNA; the RNA in ribosome that reads the mRNA |
| amino acids | the building block of proteins |
| transcription | the first step in protein synthesis; the mRNA copying the DNA |
| translation | the second step of protein synthesis; the ribosome reading the mRNA and making the protein |
| triplet | a group of three nucleotides in DNA |
| codon | a group of three nucleotides in mRNA |
| anticodon | a group fo three nucleotides in tRNA |
| nucleotide | the building block (monomer) for nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base |
| Adenosine | one of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA |
| Thymine | one of the nitrogen bases in DNA; pairs with Adenosine |
| Guanine | one of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with Cytocine |
| Cytocine | one of the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with Guanine |
| Deoxyribose | the sugar in DNA |
| ribose | the sugar in RNA |
| DNA Replication | the process of making one copy of each chromosome before nuclear division |
| Helicase | the enzyme that unwinds DNA for replication |
| DNA polymerase | the enzyme that replicates the DNA |
| semiconservative replication | the type of replication in which one side of the old DNA strand is in the new strand |
| helix | twisted |
| double | two stranded |
| peptide bond | the bond between amino acids to make a protein |
| ribosome | the structure in the cell that assembles protein |
| protein | a chain of amino acids that performs a job in the cell |
| Uracil | a nitrogen base found in RNA only; pairs with Adenosine |
| Hydrogen bond | bond between the nitrogen bases in DNA that holds the two strands together |
