| A | B |
|---|
| cleavage | breaks with smooth edges, definite lines |
| silicate materials | most abundant mineral family in the earth, contains silicon & oxygen |
| carbonates | minerals that contain carbon & oxygen, second largest mineral family, fizz when HCl is applied |
| sulfides | mineral family that contains sulfur combined with one or more elements |
| quartz | SiO², most abundant mineral in Earth's crust, silicate mineral, basic building block of many rocks |
| feldspar | silicate mineral that is main component of most rocks on Earth's surface |
| mica | mineral with many shiny thin layers, silicate family |
| gemstone | hard, beautiful substances that can be cut and polished for jewelry/decoration |
| reclamation | after mining, returning land to its original state or better |
| Mohs Hardness Scale | 10 point scale identifying hardness of common minerals, talc is softest, diamond is hardest |
| density | measure of how much matter is in a given amount of space; minerals are often defined in relation to water, density is given without units & called specific gravity, mass divided by volume, g/cm³ or g/ml |
| special properties | ways to identify certain minerals; halite - tastes salty, fluorite - glows under blacklight, magnetite-magnetic, calcite-double refraction & fizzes in HCl, sulfur-smell |
| inorganic | never been alive, not from living things |
| naturally occurring | found in nature, not man-made |
| organic | a living thing or from a living thing |
| compound | two or more substances chemically combined |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| fracture | property of mineral that breaks along random lines |
| hardness | how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| streak | produces a colored powder line when rubbed on a rough surface |
| luster | the way in which a mineral reflects light |
| mineral | naturally occurring compound or element found in the Earth's crust |
| crystal | a solid whose atoms, ions,or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern |
| nonsilicate materials | mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon & oxygen |
| native elements | minerals made of a single element |
| halides | mineral family of natural salts |
| sulfates | mineral family that contains sulfur & oxygen |
| oxides | mineral family that contains oxygen combined with a metal element |
| ore | minerals or combination of minerals from which metals/non-metals can be removed in usable quantities |
| metallic | luster like a metal surface |
| nonmetallic | luster like a non-metal surface, ex: talc, sulfur, gypsum |
| smelting | ore heated so metal may be extracted |
| gem | a cut and polished gemstone, ex: diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald |
