| A | B |
|---|
| Definition of a Plant | Multicellular eukaryote with a cell wall made of cellulose - carries out photosynthesis |
| nonvascular plants | (Bryophytes) have xylem or phloem - need to be in water to reproduce |
| vascular plants | (ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) have xylem and phloem to move water and nutrients |
| coniferophyte | (also called conifer or gymnosperm) plants that have needle or scale-like leaves like pine trees or evergreens |
| anthrophyte | (also called angiosperms) flowering plants that produce fruits and have seeds for reproduction |
| roots | underground part of a plant that anchor it and absorb water and minerals |
| root hair | tiny hairs growing off the root that increase absorbtion area |
| root cap | protects the end of the root |
| stem | above ground, supports leaves and body of plant, transports water from roots to leaves and food from leaves to roots |
| pressure flow hypothesis | water molecules stack up to push water upward from roots to other parts of the plant |
| leaves | where photosynthesis takes place |
| mesophyll | part of a leaf cell - contains photosynthetic tissue on upper side of leaf |
| guard cell | surrounds a stoma - controls opening size |
| stoma (stomate, stomata) | opening on underside of a leaf - lets water out and gases in and out |
| cuticle | waxy covering that prevents water loss |
| flower | reproductive structure of a plant |
| color and smell in a flower | attracts insects for pollination |
| sepal | small leaves beneath the flower |
| stamen | male reproductive structure of a flower (has anther and filaments) |
| pistil | female reproductive structure of a flower (has stigma, style, and ovary) |
| anther | top part of the stamen - produces the pollen with sperm |
| filament | stalk of the stamen - holds the anther up |
| stigma | top part of the pistil - has a sticky surface to catch pollen grains |
| style | stalk of the pistil - connects the stigma to the ovary and holds the stigma up |
| ovary | bottom part of the pistil - contains the ovule - has an egg that forms a seed after fertilization |
| seed | formed from the ovule |
| fruit | formed from the ovary |
| pollination | pollen (sperm) is transported to the stigma |
| fertilization | pollen grain (sperm) is united with the ovule (egg) |
| annual | a plant that lives for 1 year or less |
| biannual or bienniel | a plant that lives for 2 years |
| perennial | a plant that lives for several years producing flowers once a year |
| hormones | chemicals (like auxins0 that cause physiological changes |
| tropism | a plant response based on an external stimulus (usually controlled by hormones) |
| thigmotropism | plants grow up or around an object |
| phototropism | plants grow toward the sun or light source |
| gravitropism | roots grow downward into the soil |
| hydropropism | roots grow toward water |
