| A | B |
|---|
| sulfa broad or narrow | broad |
| sulfa used primarily for | UTI's |
| avoid sulfa drugs in these patients | debilitation, pregnant, or alcoholi |
| side effectgs of sulfa | photosensitivity, crystalluria, kernicterus, Stevens Johsnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia |
| how to avoid crystalluria | 1200 ml fluid |
| sulfa drug interactions | warfarin, phenytoin, oral hypoglycemics |
| avoid these meds in sula allergic patients | thiazide & loop diuretics, sulfonylureas (used in diabetes) |
| examples of sulfa | sulfasoxazole, sulfamethoxazole |
| difference between sulfasoxazole, sulfamethoxazole | sulfamethaxazole more risk of crystalluria |
| why topical sulfas aren't used | high risk of hypersensitivity |
| trimethoprim | used for uncomplicated uti's, usually combined with sulfa |
| adverse effects of trimethoprim | hematological effects (rare), fetal malformations in animals |
| Bactrim is combination | TMP/SMZ |
| trimethoprim | intereferes wtih synthesis of folic acid |
| Bactrim is used for | uti's, resp infections such as p. carnii, gi infections, std's |
| adverse effects of bactrim | gi, crystalluria, hematogical, crystalluria |
| nursing stuff ofr bactrtim | fluid 1.5 l per day, give with food, monitor immunocompromised pts. |
| upper uti | pyelonephritis |
| lower uti | cystitis, urethritis |
| drug choices for uti's" | bactrim, quinolones, cephalosporins |
| urinary antiseptics work by | local action on urinary tract |
| examples of antiseptics | nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Furandantin); methinamine, naladixic acid, cinoxacin |
| advantage of antiseptics | high doses in urine not as much systemic |
| nitrofurantoin bacteriostatic/cidal | bacteriostatic at low doses, cidal at high doses |
| methananamine works by decomposing | amonia & formaldehyde |
| methananamine used for | chronic lower uti's |
| avoid methananamine in patients with | renal & liver dysfunction |
| urinary analgesic | rel;ieves pain, burning, discolors urine orange or red |
| ex of fluorquinolones | ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin |
| how quinolones work | by inhibitiikng DNA gyrase |
| quinolones are broad or narrow | broad spectrum |
| quinolones active against | aerobic gm negative |
| don't give quinolones to these patinets | under 18, pregnant patients |
| side effects of quinolones | tendone ruptures, gi side effects |
| affects quinolone absorpitons | minterals (calcium, iron, etc). |
| drug/drug interactions quinolones | warfarin, theophylline |
| how to use quinolones IV | slow over 1 hr. to avoid venous irritations |
| metronidazole (Flagyl) | used for protozoal infections & anaerobic infections |
| drug of choice for trichomonas | metronidazole 1 |
| drug used with others for H. Pylori | metrondizaole 2 |
| adverse effects of metronidzaole | GI |
| avoid metrondiazole in this population | 1st trimester pregnacy |
| drug /drug with metronidazole | warfarin |
| dont' take this with metronidazole | alcohol |
| sulfa & cyclosporin can cause | nephrotoxicity |
| serious side effects of sulfas | blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis), also Stevens Johnson syndrome |
| don't use methanamine in patients with | hepatic problems |
| fosfomycin is useful | one dose tx for lower uti's (cystitis) |
| cipro effective against which bioterrism agent | anthrax |
| which student will do well on the pharmacology final exam? | Karen Finley |
