| A | B |
|---|
| genes | basic units of heridity |
| chromosomes | structures containing genes |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| dizygotic twins | two eggs; fraternal |
| monozygotic twins | one egg; identical dna |
| maturation | automatic, orderly, sequential process of physical and mental development |
| growth cycles | orderly patterns of development |
| imprinting | the young of some species will follow/attach to their mothers |
| critical period | a period of time when a particular skill must begin to develop |
| feral children | children raised by animals |
| nuclear family | parents and their children |
| extended family | immediate family plus other relatives |
| permissive parenting | parents allow children to do what they want; few rules are made or enforced |
| dictatorial parenting | parents rigidly set rules and demand obedience |
| authoritative parenting | parents seek input from children and make consistent but flexible rules |
| separation anxiety | baby's fear of being away from a parent |
| cognitive development | the ways thinking grows and changes |
| sensormotor stage | knowledge is tied to movements and objects in the environment |
| object permanence | awareness that objects exist even when hidden |
| preoperational stage | children acquire language and symbols but not logical thought |
| reversibility | a relationship that goes in one direction can go in another direction also |
| conservation | some characteristics of an object can change while others remain the same |
| concrete operations | logical thought emerges for real objects |
| formal operations stage | able to deal with abstract thoughts found in logic, math, philosophy, and ethics |
| preconventional level | a stage in which morality is determined by the sheer power of outside authority |
| conventional level | a stage in which moral reasoning is based on the expectations of others regarding what is right or wrong. |
| postconventional level | a stage in which personal ethics and human rights are tied to morality |
| heredity | characteristics obtained directly from the genes |
| environment | a person's surroundings |
| nature/nurture | contrasting views of how we gain certain characteristics |
