| A | B |
|---|
| angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | fatty (lipid) paste |
| atri/o | atrium |
| cardi/o | heart |
| coron/o | circle or crown |
| my/o | muscle |
| pector/o, steth/o | chest |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| thromb/o | clot |
| ven/o, phleb/o | vein |
| varic/o | swollen, twisted vein |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch) |
| atrium | upper right or left chamber of the heart |
| endocardium | membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
| epicardium | membrane forming the outer layer of the heart |
| interatrial septum | partition between the right and left artia |
| interventricular septum | partition between the right and left ventricles |
| myocardium | heart muscle |
| pericardium | protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between |
| visceral pericardium | layer closest to the heart |
| parietal pericardium | outer layer |
| pericardial cavity | fluid-filled cavity between the preicardial layers |
| ventricle | lower right or left chamber of the heart |
| heart valves | structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood |
| aortic valve | heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| mitral valve, bicuspid valve | heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | heart valve opening from the right ventricle and to the pulmonary artery |
| tricuspid valve | valve between the right artium and the right ventricle |
| valves of the veins | valves located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart |
| arteries | vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles |
| aorta | large artery that isw the main trunk of the arterial system branching form the left ventricle |
| arterioles | small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
| capillaries | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules |
| venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| veins | vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arteriole, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues |
| coronary circulation | circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
| diastole | to expand; period during the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria |
| systole | to contract; period during the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and the pulmonary artery |
| normotension | normal blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| hypertenstion | high blood pressure |
| sinoartial (SA) node | the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node t the bundle of His |
| bundle of His | neurological fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers |
| Purkinje fibers, Purkinje network | fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract |
| polarization | resting; resting state of a myocardial cell |
| depolarization | change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting)state to a state of contraction |
| repolarization | recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state |
| normal sinus rhythmn (NSR) | regular rhythm of the heart cyle stimulated by the SA node |
| aneurysm | a widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness |
| saccular aneurysm | a sac-like bulge on one side |
| fusiform aneurysm | a spindle-shaped bulge |
| dissecting aneurysm | a split or tear of the vessel wall |
| angina pectoris | chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle; often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries |
