| A | B |
|---|
| Weight | Human trait altered by differences in environment |
| XX | Female sex chromosomes |
| XY | Male sex chromosomes |
| Sex-linked traits | A recessive allele on the X chromosome will produce the trait in a male |
| Pedigree | A chart that tracks a trait through a family |
| Mutations cause | Genetic disorders |
| Cystic fibrosis | disorder which produces thick mucus in lungs/intestines |
| Karyotype | Picture of the chromosomes in a cell |
| Genetic counselors predict genetic disorders | by studying karyotypes and pedigree charts |
| Cloning | results in organisms that are genetically identical |
| Identical twins | Have the same DNA |
| Sex-linked genes | On the X chromosomes only |
| A carrier | One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait |
| Abnormally shaped blood cells | Sicke-cell disease |
| Amniocentesis | Helps doctors disgnose a genetic disorder before a baby is born |
| MALE on pedigree chart | Represented by a square |
| FEMALE on a pedigree chart | Represented by a circle |
| Hemophilia | Blood is slow to clot |
| Karyotype | Looking at chromosomes in a cell. Think of CSI |
| Identical twins | have same DNA |
| Genes | Factors that control traits |
| Heterozygous | Two different alleles for a trait |
| Hybrid | Another name for heterozygous |
| Homozygous | Two of the same alleles for a trait |
| Purebred | Another name for homozygous |
| Genotype | Organisms Genetic make-up Gg |
| Phenotype | Organisms physical features |
| Tt | One dominant and one recessive allele |
| TT | Two dominant alleles |
| Punnett Square | Chart showing the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| sex cells contain | half the number of chromosomes |
| Gregor Mendel studied | cross pollinated pea plants |
| Chromosomes carry genes made of | DNA |
