| A | B |
|---|
| action space | The geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis |
| Beaux arts | This movement within city planning and urban design that stressed the marriage of older, classical forms with newer, industrial ones. Common characteristics of htis period include wide thoroughfares, spacious parks, and civic monuments that stressed progress, freedom, and national unity. |
| central business district (CBD) | The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultura activities are concentrated: building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems conerge. |
| central place theory | A theory formulated by Walter Christaller in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations |
| City Beautiful movement | Movement in environment design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world. |
| colonial city | Cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures |
| concentric zone model | Model that describes urban environments as a series of rings of dstinct land uses radiating from a central core, or central business district |
| edge city | Cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions or urban areas, but in a sprawling, decentralized suburban development |
| European cities | cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval Period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack |
| exurbanite | Person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas |
| feudal city | Cities that arose during the Middle Ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. This system fostered a dependent relationship between wealthy landowners and peasants who worked their land, providing very little alternative economic opportunities |
| gateway city | Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas |
| gentrification | The trend of middle- and upper-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low-income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods |
