| A | B |
|---|
| AA | chunky, thick, slow-moving lava, moves like peanut butter |
| Active volcano | erupts either continually or periodically |
| Ash | Cloud of volcanic dust and particles less than 4mm in diameter |
| caldera | Large crater formed when the sides of a volcanic cone collapse |
| Cinder Cone | Volcano made mostly of cinders and other rock particles that have been blown into the air |
| composite volcano | volcano built of alternating layers of rock particles and lava |
| Conduit/volcanic neck | channel that brings volcanic material up from depth/a verticle pipe-like intrusion that represents a former volcanic vent |
| Crater | Funnel-shaped pit or depression at the top of a volcanic cone |
| Dormant | Known to have erupted within modern history |
| Extinct | not known to have erupted within modern history; crystallized magma chamber |
| Fissure | long crack, break, or fracture in Earth's surface through which lava escapes |
| lava | molten rock at the Earth's surface |
| magma | molten rock beneath the Earth's surface |
| pahoehoe | runny lava flows with smooth, ropelike surface, flows like honey |
| pillow lava | a general term for lava with pillow structure and formed under water |
| shield cone | gently sloping volcano formed when runny lava flows over a large area |
| vent | opening through which lava erupts |
| volcanic bomb | rock particles larger than 64 mm in diameter that are blown into the air by a volcanic eruption |
| geyser | a type of hot spring that intermittently erupts jets of hot water and steam; the result of ground water coming into contact with rock hot enough to create steam |
| Olympus Mons | largest volcano in the solar system; located on Mars |
| Mt. Vesuvius | Italy; Composite Volcano |
| Mt. St. Helens | Washington State; Composite Volcano |
| Kilauea | Hawaii; shield cone volcano; EXTREMELY active |
| Paricutin | Mexico; Cinder Cone Volcano; Dormant |
| volcanic gases | water vapor, CO2, sulfur dioxide |
| warning signs of volcanic eruption | earthquakes, increased gas emissions, changes in volcano's shape |
| where volcanoes form | subducting boundaries, diverging boundaries, hot spots |
| two hot spots with volcanoes | Hawaii, Yellowstone |
| Volcanoes at subducting boundaries | Cascade Mountains, Aleutian Islands |
| volcanoes at diverging boundaries | Mid Atlantic Ridge, Iceland |
| pyroclastic flow | hot, very fast flow of fire rock |
| magma chamber | underground source of magma |
| helpful effects of volcanoes | new land, water vapor, nutrients to soil |
| harmful effects of volcanoes | destroys towns, crops, water supply, displaces populations, kills organisms |
| most widespread impact of volcanoes | ash cloud distributed in atmosphere |
