| A | B |
|---|
| vertical integration | Owning all the different businesses on which the company depends for its operation. |
| sodbuster | Person who cultivated the soil of the Great Plains. |
| Samuel Gompers | first leader of the American Federation of Labor |
| patronage | The spoils system which allows winning politicians to give government jobs to their supporters. |
| Stephen Long | He called the Plains region the "Great American Desert." |
| James J. Hill | Built the Great Northern Railroad without any federal land grants or subsidies. |
| Trust | A way of merging businesses that did not violate laws against owning other companies. |
| cooperatives | Set up by Colored Farmers' national Alliance to provide economic help to members. |
| placer mining | The hand process with which early prospectors would extract the shallow deposits of ore. |
| open range | A large area of grassland where cattle ranchers could graze their herds for free. |
| barbed wire | Invention that helped end the cowboy lifestyle. |
| greenbacks | Paper money that could not be exchanged for gold or silver coins. |
| lockout | Refusing to allow workers into the workplace and refusing to pay them. |
| stockholders | People who own corporations. |
| "Plessy v. Ferguson" | Court case that established the doctrine of "separate but equal." |
| Pendleton Act | Law that required government jobs to be awarded on the basis of examinations. |
| Mugwumps | Republican reformers who supported Cleveland for president. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel millionaire who supported public libraries, believing that access to knowledge was the key to getting ahead in life. |
| Walter Rauschenbush | Leader of the Social Gospel movement who believed that competition was the cause of many social problems. |
| Herbert Spencer | Argued that society progressed because only the fittest people survived. |
