| A | B |
|---|
| rhetoric | using language effectively and persuasively |
| tone | the writer's attitude toward the subject |
| diction | word choice, relating to formal or informal, concrete or abstract, connotation vs denotation |
| anecdote | a brief narrative used to support author's point |
| analogy | making a comparison in order to explain a process that is difficult to explain |
| euphemism | deliberate downplaying of unpleasant information |
| parody | poking fun at another literacy work |
| personification | giving human traits to abstract inanimate objects |
| inductive reasoning | giving examples and specific incidents, then showing how these examples support an argument |
| process analysis | showing the steps of how something is done |
| concession | bringing up the opposite point of view |
| Carpe Diem | seize the day |
| allegory | an extended metaphor used to explain a difficult concept |
| denotation | the dictionary definition of a word |
| connotation | The implied meaning of a word instead of the dictionary, literal meaning |
| refutation | to disprove |
| anaphora | the repitition of a group of words at the beginning of sentences/clauses |
| parallelism | use of similar grammatical structures or forms for a balanced, pleasing effect |
| paradox | a statement that seems untrue, but upon thinking about it, proves to be true |
| appeal to authority | when a writer uses a person we respect as support for their argument |
| Begging the Question | to poke holes in an assumption held by most people |
| premise | a statement or position regarded as true and upon which other claims are based |
| extended metaphor | a comparison that runs throughout an entire essay or passage |
| rhetorical question | a question that doesn't need to be answered |
| alliteration | The twisting trout twinkled in the twilight |
| allusion | We all strive for "Nirvana" |
| antithesis | "lace your virtues on a pedestal, your vices under a rock" |
| Apostrophe | "Death, be not proud" |
| Assonance | "cyr", "side" "mine" "type" |
| Consonance | "A murmuring of immemorial elms..." |
| Hyperbole | The shot heard round the world" |
| metaphor | "Time is money. |
| Paradox | "sweet sorrow" "cold fire" |
| Pun | Two peanuts took a walk in Central Park; one was assaulted! |
| simile | "He fought like a lion." |
| synechdoche | "Don't bite the hand that feeds you!" |
| anadiplosis | "hard work leads to character, character leads to integrity; integrity leads to promotion." |
| anaphora | "good food, good cheer, good times" |
| Anglo-Saxon Diction | word choice that is simple, one or two syllables |
| antimetabole | "You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy" |
| aplologist | a person who makes a case for a controversial topic; i.e. C.S. Lewis is an apologis for Christianity |
| appeal | One of three strategies for persuading audiences |
| ethos | An appeal to the credibility to the speaker or writer |
| pathos | an appeal to the audience or reader's emotions |
| logos | an appeal based on common sense or logical structure of the argument |
| appeal to authority | the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means to support a claim |
| argument by analysis | Orwell and Murray both used this to address their subject matter in component parts; they both broke down their topic into specific components |
| Aristotelian triangle | A diagram showing the relations of the writer, speaker, and audience |
| begging of the question | The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument that the audience does not accept |
| causal relationship | If "X" is the cause, then "Y" is the effect |
| climax | the arrangement of words,phrases, or clauses in order of increasing number or importance |
| climbing the ladder | a term referring to the scheme of climax (the increase in number or importance) |
| context | the convergence of time, place, audience, and motivating factors |
| elipsis | the ommision of words (...) |
| enthymeme | logical reasoning with one premise left unstated |
| epistrophe | "They saw no evil, the spoke no evil, they heard no evil." |
| epithet | "Rachel the brave" |
| genre | a piece of writing classified by type |
| implied metaphor | "his voice cascaded through the hallway" |
| loose sentence | Abraham Lincoln wept, fearing the Union would not survive if the southern states seceded. |
| periodic sentence | Alone in his study, lost in somber thoughts, dejected but not broken, Abraham Lincoln wept. |
| loose sentence | A sentence that puts details immediately at the end of the basic sentence |
| periodic sentence | a sentence which places details iether before the basic sentence or in the middle of the basic sentence |
| narrative | an anecdote or story offered in support of a claim or argument |
| oxymoron | jumbo shrimp |
| persona | the character that a writer or speaker conveys to the audience |
| major premise | the first premise in a syllogism that is irrefutable |
| minor premise | a generalization drawn from the major premise |
| rhetorical choices | the choices a writer or speaker makes to achieve meaning or purpose |
| scheme | any artful variation from a typical fromation and arrangement of words or sentences |
| stock settings | stereotypical time and place settings that let readers know a text's genre immediately |
| style | the choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect |
| syllogism | locical reasoning from inarguable premises |
| syntax | The order of words in a sentence |
| tone | the writer's or speakers attitude toward the subject he is writing about |
| voice | diction and sentence structure that convey a writer's persona |
