| A | B |
| manifest destiny | U.S. control of land from Atlantic to Pacific |
| James K. Polk | elected president in 1844-added Texas, Oregon and Mexican Cession |
| vaqueros | cowboys |
| Californios | Mexican colonists in California |
| Bear Flag Revolt | rebellion that declared California was an independent nation |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | ended the Mexican-American War |
| Gadsden Purchase | U.S. paid $10 million for the lower parts of Arizona and New Mexico |
| Nicholas Trist | chief U.S. negotiator of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |