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The Roman Army (Ch. 60 Ecce Romani pp.76-77) Vocab. Review
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| A | B |
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| legio, legionis (f) | legion (approximately 5,000 men) |
| centuria, -ae (f) | century (about 80 men) |
| cohors, cohortis (f) | cohort (about 500 men/ 10 per legion) |
| contubernium, -i (n) | mess-tent (8 men/ 10 per century) |
| centurio, centurionis (m) | centurion, commander of a centuria |
| primus pilus | highest ranking centurion |
| primi ordines | the senior centurions |
| signa militaria | legionary or unit standards/ insignia |
| signum | standard (1 per centuria) |
| signifer | standard-bearer |
| aquila | the silver eagle of the legion |
| aquilifer | eagle-bearer |
| legatus, -i (m) | legionary commander |
| tribuni militum | 6 staff officers or tribunes, 5 of whom commanded the 10 cohorts, and 1 served as 2nd in command |
| imperator, -is (m) | a general who had won a major victory |
| dux, ducis (m) | general |
| equites | cavalrymen |
| equitus | cavalry |
| auxilia | auxiliary forces recruited from Rome's provincial allies |
| praefectus | commander of the cavalry |
| alae | wings (cavalry units of 1,000 men) |
| turmae | squadrons |
| sagittarii | archers |
| funditores | slingers |
| numeri | light-armed soldiers |
| pedites | legionary foot-soldiers |
| tela | offensive weapons |
| pilum, -i (n) | javelin |
| gladius, -i (m) | short sword |
| galea, -ae (f) | helmet |
| lorica, -ae (f) | body armor |
| scutum, -i (n) | shield |
| ordine | infantry ranks |
| acies, -ei (f) | battle line |
| acies triplex | triple battle line |
| cornua | wings |
| signum dare | to signal maneuvers |
| tuba, -ae (f) | war trumpet |
| castra ponere | to make camp |
| praetorium, -i (n) | general's tent |
| fossa, -ae (f) | ditch |
| vallum, -i (n) | palisade |
| tabernaculum, -i (n) | leather military tent |
| castra, -orum (n. pl. ) | a military camp |
| colonia, -ae (f) | a colony for retired veterans |
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