| A | B |
|---|
| Hardy-Weinberg | If certain conditions are met, then the proportions of genotypes (AA, Aa, aa) that make up a population should remain unchanged through generations. |
| p+q=1... | frequency of A plus frequency of a equals 100% |
| p2 +2pq +q2 = 1... | frequency of AA, Aa, and aa equals 100% |
| If a population's genome remains unchanged for several generations | it is most likely in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. |
| Know what a bottleneck effect is and how it affects allele frequencies | Also known as genetic drift-Occurs when a population is reduced in size rather suddenly...doesn't affect allele frequencies |
| Independent variable | factors that the scientist varies during the experiment |
| Dependent variable | a feature that the scientist measures in response to the independent variables |
| Yeast | undergoes fermentation when it is lacking O2. |
| Crickets and beans | perform respiration to make energy. |
| Elodea grown in light | yellow=much CO2 produced |
| Elodea grown in dark | green=some CO2 produced |
| Blue | no CO2 |
| Flourescence | Long wavelength of light produced by electron as it falls to a lower level |
| Light | does not affect starch storage. |
| Starch | is stored in plant's vacuole. |
| Plants produce oxygen as | a byproduct of photosynthesis |
