| A | B |
|---|
| Three Main Political Centralites | China, Byzantine Empire, Islamic Caliphates |
| First Chinese Dynasty of Period | Tang Dynasty |
| Length of Tang Dynasty | 618-907 CE |
| Length between Han and Sui Dynasties | 400 years |
| Year Sui Dynasty rose | 581 CE |
| What the Sui Dynasty used to establish legitimacy | Buddhism and the Confucian civil service system |
| Accomplishments of the Sui Dynasty | Construction of Grand Canal and numerous military campaigns |
| year of rebellions in Sui Dynasty | 618 |
| Focus of Tang Dynasty | Scholars |
| Length of Tang expansion | Tibet and Korea |
| Accomplishments of Tang dynasty | Completion of Grand Canal, support to Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, political center, solidified Confucian beliefs |
| Capital of Tang Dynasty, major trading center and cosmopolitan city | Changan |
| Century of Tang decline | Eighth Century |
| Number of Years of Regional Rule after Tang Dynasty | 50 Years |
| All peasants given land in return for tax in grain and corvee | Equal Field System |
| Farthest military garrison of Tang dynasty | Kashgar |
| Methods of Tang Dynasty trade | Silk Road |
| Population of Changan by 640 | 2 million |
| Cultural landmark of Tang Dynasty | Buddhism |
| Heavenly Empress of Tang dynasty in 690 | Empress Wu |
| Dedication of school started by empress Wu | Buddhist and Confucian scholarship |
| Destroyed monasteries and weakened religious influence in China between 841-845 | anti-Buddhist campaign |
| Religious development after anti-Buddhist campaigns | NeoConfucianism |
| Idea of NeoConfucianism | incorporation of Buddhism and Confucianism, self-improvement, philanthropy |
| Poets during Tang dynasty | Li Bai and Du Fu |
| other countries with NeoConfucianism | Japan and Korea |
| outcome of Neighboring states to China | They became Tributary states |
| a prostrate bow during which one touches one's head to the ground multiple times | Kowtow |
| countries having to perform the kowtow to chinese emperors | Japan and Siam, outside delegations |
| Superior country in Asia | China |
| Length of Song Dynasty | 960-1279 |
| Year Song reestablished control of China | 960 |
| Retained great prominence during Song dynasty | Civil Service Exam |
| paid off the nomads with such gifts as bolts of silk to keep the peace | Tribute System |
| weaknesses of Song Dynasty | military, economic, ineffective army, inflation |
| year Songs lost northern half of empire to nomads | 1126 |
| year southern Song dynasty ended | 1274 |
| Group that absorbed Song dynasty | Mongol Empire |
| Developments of Song Dynasty | Economic Revolution |
| important crop for Song Dynasty | rice |
| reasons for internal trade growth | increased number of merchants, growth in population, Kaifeng became manufacturing center |
| Capital of Song Dynasty | Kaifeng |
| Produced by Kaifeng | cannons, printing, mills, looms, porcelain |
| Capital of Southern Song | Hangzhou |
| reasons Song had powerful navy | cotton sails and magnetic compasses |
| trade led by Song | Afro-Eurasian trade |
| Where Song goods traveled | Southeast Asia, India, Persia, East Africa |
| Tang and Song Innovations | Compass, water-powered clock, gunpowder, philosophy, urbanization, printing press, painting, paper money, flying cash |
| bound womens feet at young age to make lily-lake to secure marriage, increase in women's restrictions | Foot Binding |
| important religious site with large influx of traders and pilgrims | Mecca |
| center of Mecca | Kaaba |
| The Kaaba | Black meteorite placed in the great mosque by Abraham |
| Muhammad's birth date | 570 CE |
| wife of Muhammad | Khadija |
| who Muhammad met on his first travels with Khadija | Jews, Zoroastrians, and Christians |
| What Gabriel told Muhammad | he was selected to receive divine inspirations |
| God worshipped in Islam | Allah |
| Muhammad's claim | He is Allah's messenger |
| When Muhammad fled to Medina | 622 |
| Muhammad's journey | the hegira |
| When Muhammad returned to Mecca | 630 |
| What Muhammad did to Mecca | Captured the city and destroyed the idols |
| what Islam means | Submission to God's will |
| Book of Muhammad's revelations | the Quran |
| Five Pillars of Islam | There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger(1), pray five times a day facing Mecca(2), give alms (charity) to the poor(3), fast during the holy month of Ramadan(4), make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca during one's lifetime if able ( |
| What type of religion Islam is | Universal Religion |
| What Islam promises | salvation to all who believe and follow the rules, |
| Islam's status towards women | equal to men in the eyes of God, could keep dowries as wives, prohibition on female infanticide |
| Islamic control two years after Muhammad's death | almost all of Arabia |
| Two Islam groups | the Sunni and the Shia |
| Beliefs of the Shia | leader should be descendent of Muhammad |
| Beliefs of the Sunni | preferred leader to be the wisest member of the strongest tribe |
| political and spiritual leader of the muslims | the caliph |
| Group that took control after the first four caliphs | the Umayyad clan |
| When the Umayyad clan took control | 661 |
| Center of the Ummayyad Clan | transformed caliphate into hereditary monarchy, govt centered in Damascus |
| Lands conquered by the Umayyad clan | Syria, Egypt, Persia, Byzantine territory in West Africa, North Africa, and Spain |
| Skills of the Umayyad Clan | military skills, soldiers commitment to Islam, and promise of plunder |
| Bureaucratic structure of Umayyad clan | local administrators governed the areas, all cultures tolerated as long as taxes were paid taxes with no revolt |
| Language of Islam | Arabic |
| Clan that overthrew the Umayyad | the Abbasid clan |
| Year the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads | 750 |
| Abbasid capital | Baghdad |
| New capital for the Umayyad caliphate | Spain |
| controllers of the north african coast during the Abbasid clan | Berber tribesman |
| Controllers of Egypt from 1250 to 1517 | Mamluks |
| the caliphate by the mid ninth century | Broken into smaller states |
| Dar al-Islam | areas in which a Muslim traveler or trader found himself regardless of where he came from |
| Bond of the Muslim world | Spain, Middle East, Africa, Central and South Asia, and Southeast Asia |
| What improved irrigation led to | great production of agriculture and an increase in tax revenues |
| What Arab cities manufactured | pottery, fabrics and rugs |
| Imported from China | Paper |
| Islamic agriculture | sugarcane, citrus fruits, coffee |
| Buildings in the Islamic empire | Mosques, hospitals, schools, and orphanages |
| Islamic Intellect | Algebra, latitude and longitude, study of Greek philosophers |
| Construction of The House of Wisdom | 830 |
| What was in the House of Wisdom | Greek and persian texts translated to Arabic |
| Locations of Islamic universities | Cordoba, Toledo, and Granada |
| What was used in Islamic art and architecture | geometric shapes and calligraphy |
| Length of Byzantine Empire | fourth century to 1453 |
| What the Byzantine Empire was a continuation of | The Eastern Roman Empire |
| Most famous Byzantine Emperor | Justinian |
| Date of Rome's East-west split | 375 |
| length of Justinian's rule | 527-565 |
| Unsuccess of Justinian | Capturing of Western Rome |
| Success of Justinian | his laws |
| Most famous Byzantine law | Justinian's code |
| basis of Justinian's code | the Roman Twelve Tables of Law |
| Official language of Byzantine Empire | Greek |
| Central govt of Byzantine | Hereditary Monarchy |
| Jobs of Byzantine monarchy | made laws, efficient military, oversee land distribution, had bureaucracy |
| Byzantine emperor's role of religion | imitator of Christ, head of church, appointed patriarch |
| gift to peasants | given land for military service |
| sea of Byzantine empire | Mediterranean, allowed for trade |
| Production of Byzantine | glassware, linen, jewelry, gold, silversmithing |
| Political, cultural, intellectual center of Byzantine | Constantinople |
| Date of schism | 1054 |
| two christian religions split | Roman catholic and Eastern Orthodox |
| Length of Early Middle Ages | 500-1000 ce |
| Politics of Western Europe | Politically Decentralized |
| Leader of the Franks | Clovis |
| Leader of the Carolingian Empire | Charlemagne |
| Similarity between Clovis and Charlemagne | used church to strengthen legitimacy, but unsuccessful in setting up last political structure |
| Land given to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty | Feudal System |
| Centralized power during the Middle Ages | Church and the Pope |
| people with the right to own land and could pass right onto children, but could not leave land | Serfs |
| Large walled estates for lords | Manors |
| Invention during the Middle ages for farming | Heavy Plow |
| Determining factor of one's status in the Middle Ages | Birth |
| Stressed honor, modesty, loyalty and duty | Chivalry |
| Principal source of religious, moral, and cultural authority in the Middle Ages | Christianity |
