| A | B |
|---|
| What is Biology? | study of life |
| What does it mean to be a Biologist? | to learn about the different types of living things around us |
| What are the steps of the Scientific Method | Hypothesis (inductive & deductive reasoning), experiment (independent & dependent varibles), gather data, record results, verify results, conclusion (theory, law) |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
| What is an ion? | an atom that gains or loses electrons and has an electrical charge |
| What is the pH of acids and bases? | acids-6 and below bases-8 and above neutral-7 |
| What is the structure of a saturated/unsaturated fatty acid? | saturated- single carbon bond unsaturated- double carbon bond |
| what is the structure of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? | carbohydrate- 2H 1O 1C lipid- organic compound that has a large proporiton of C-H bonds proteins-amino acids |
| Where is the cell wall found? | in plant cells |
| What is the level of organizaton? | cell- nucleus- chromosones- chromatian- DNA |
| What is contained in the nucleus? | cell's DNA & manages the cell's functions |
| What is a lysosome? | organelles that contain digestive enzymes, digest excess or worn out cell parts, food particles, & invading virues or bacteria |
| What is a ribosome? | sites where the cell assembles enzymes & other protein according to the directions of the DNA |
| What is the plasma membrane? | serves as a boundary between cell & environment, controls movement into & out of the cell |
| What is a mitochondria? | "mighty mitochondria", transform energ for the cell ATP |
| What is cytoskeleton? | , thin fibrous elements |
| What are the levels of complexity? | cell- tissue- organ- system- human |
| What is hypotonic? | when the constration inside the cell is less than outside & explodes |
| What is hypertonic? | constration inside the cell is higher than outside & shrinks |
| What is istonic? | outside of the cell equal to the inside |
| What is a phospolipid bilayer? | membrane lipid having an organic section attached to phosphate group |
| What is diffusion? | movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| What is passive transport? | movement of particles across membranes by diffusion (no energy) |
| What is active transport? | transport of materials agains a concentration gradient (requires energy) |
| What is celluar respiration? | process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy-- C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| What is the function of chloroplasts? | site where light energy is converted into chemical energy |
| What is the function of chlorophyll? | green pigment traps light energy from the sun, gives plants their green color |
| ADP + Pi --- | ATP |
| What is the calvin cycle final product? | 6 carbon sugar (starch) |
| What is contact inhibiton? | type of cell to cell communcation |
| What is a gene? | segment of DNA located on the chromosome |
| Why is a cell's size limited? | 3 reasons |
| What is homozygous? | two identical alleles for a trait |
| What is heterozygous? | two different alleles for a trait |
| What is the law of independant assortment? | Mendelina principle explaning that different traits are inherited independently if on different chromosomes |
| What is heredity? | passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| What is genotype? | an organism's gene combination |
| What is phenotype? | outward apperance of an organism regardless of its genes |
| What are PCR techniques? | polymearase chain reaction p. 387 |
| What is gene therapy? | the insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders |
| What is the Human Genome Project? | international effort to completely map sequence the human genome |
