| A | B |
|---|
| Macedonia | The area to the north of Greece |
| Philip II | King of Macedonia; conquered Greek city-states one by one |
| Battle of Chaeronea | Battle that put most of Greece in the hands of Philip of Macedonia |
| Syria | Country/kingdom located on eastern shores of Mediterranean Sea; captured by Alexander in 332 BCE |
| Alexandria | Center for business/trade located in delta of Nile River of Egypt; became most important city in ancient world |
| Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II; conquerer of parts of three continents; spread Greek culture throughout region he conquered |
| Legacy | What a person leaves behind for those to remember after death |
| Hellenistic Era | Comes from Greek word meaning "like the Greeks"; spread of Greek culture throughout the ancient world; time of Alexander's conquests |
| Rhodes | Island in Mediterranean Sea; became center for Hellenistic theater; home of poet Appolonius |
| Theocritus | Hellenistic poet, wrote short poems about the beauty of nature |
| Epicureanism | The philosophy that happiness is the goal of life, and the way to be happy is to seek out pleasure |
| Stoicism | A philosophy developed by Zeno; taught happiness came from reason, not emotions; claimed all people had a duty to serve their city |
| Astronomers | People who study the planets and stars |
| Aristarchus | Astronomer who taught that the sun was the center of the universe and that the Earth circled the sun |
| Eratosthenes | In charge of the library at Alexandria, measured the circumference of the Earth within 1% accuracy |
| Euclid | Most famous Greek mathematician who described plane geometry |
| Plane geometry | Branch of mathematics that shows how points, lines angles, and surfaces are related |
| Archimedes | Most famous scientist; worked on elements of solid geometry; calculated the mathematical value of pi |
| Syracuse | Where Archimedes’ lived |
| Solid geometry | The study of ball-like shapes called spheres and cylinders |
