| A | B |
|---|
| Invertebrate | animal without a backbone |
| asymmetry | no symmetry; there is no fixed arrangement of body parts (example - coral) |
| radial symmetry | parts radiate from a central point like a wheel (example - hydra) |
| bilateral symmetry | parts arranged on either side of central axis; one side is a mirror image of the other (example - humans) |
| spherical symmetry | appendages radiating out in every direction like a sphere (example -sea urchin) |
| Porifera | "Pore Bearers", the Phylum of sponges - 2 layered animals usually living in the sea |
| sessile | organisms that do not move - like sponges |
| spicules | outer protection of sponges - can be made of glass, calcium, or spongen (protein) |
| filter feeder | water moves through the layers of a sponge bringing food |
| Cnidaria | Phylum containing the jellyfish, sea anemones, hydra and coral |
| mesoglea | middle layer of a cnidarian, filled with "jelly" |
| nerve net | net like nervous system of a cnidarian |
| polyp | cnidarian body plan with tentacles up - like a coral, hydra, or sea anemone |
| medusa | cnidarian body plan with tentacles down like jellyfish |
| stinging cells | cnidarian reflex; defense and food catching mechanism |
| Platyhelminthes | Phylum containing the flatworms (planaria, flukes) |
| Flatworm description | bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, flattened body design, sac like digestive system, ladder-like nervous system |
| eye spots | light sensing organ of a flatworm |
| pharynx | tube like mouth that also acts as excretory organ for planaria |
| Nematodes | Phylum of roundworms (ascaris, hookworm, trichina,pinworm, heartworm) |
| Roundworm description | bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, round body design, tube-like digestive system (if any), ladder-like nervous system, never live in salt water |
| Annelida | Phylum containing the segmented worms like earthworms, leeches, clamworms, fanworms, lungworms |
| Earthworm description | segmented body design, bilateral symmetry, coelum, divided digestive tract (pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine), closed circulatory system (like humans), small brain (with ventral nerve cord and ganglia), no respiratory organ (breathe through skin) |
| Mollusca | Phylum of shelled animals (slugs, snails, squids, oysters, clams)) |
| Mollusk description | bilateral symmetry, mantle (membran that secretes shell), 3 body parts (head, muscular foot, visceral lump with organs), gills, open circulatory system, nephridia |
| Arthropods | Phylum of invertabrates with jointed appendages and exoskeletons; includes arachnids, crustaceans, insects, and myriapods |
| Insecta | Class of Arthropods including wasps, beetles, mosquitos, etc.) |
| Insect description | 3 body sections (head, thorax, abdomen), 1 pair antennae, 6 walking legs (3 pair), gas exchange through trachae, malphigian tubules for exreting waste |
| Arachnida | Class of Arthropods including spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions |
| Arachnid description | bilateral symmetry, 2 body sections (cephalothorax and abdomen), simple eyes, 8 walking legs (4 pairs), breathe through book lungs, have additional appendages (chelicerae and pedilpalps) for holding and handling food |
| Crustacean | Class of Arthropods including crabs, lobsters, barnacles, shrimp, and crayfish |
| Crustacean description | 2 body sections (cephalothroax and abdomen), 2 compound eyes, 2 pairs of antennae, 10 walking legs (5 pairs), breathe through gills, excretory organ is the green gland |
| Myriapoda | Class of Arthropods including millipedes and centipedes |
| Myriapod description | 1 or 2 pairs of walking legs per segment, gas exchange through tracheae, 1 pair of antennae |
| Complete Metamorphosis | 4 stages - egg, larva (looks different than adult), pupa (cocoon), adult |
| Incomplete Metamorphosis | 3 stages - egg, nymph (looks like small version of adult), adult |
| Echinodermata | Phylum containing starfish, sea urchin, sand dollars and sea cucumbers |
| Echinoderm description | water vascular system with network of hydraulic canals, suction cup structures, sessile marine forms, simple nervous system, can regenerate body parts, no specialized excretory organ but release feces through anus, radial symmetry as adult, bilateral symmetry as larva, repiration and circulation carried out by water vascular system |
| Poriferan (sponge) Reproduction | Budding, Regeneration, and Gemmules |
| Cnidarian (jellyfish, hydra) Reproduction | Budding, Regeneration, Production of sperm and eggs |
| Platyhelminthes (flatworm) Reproduction | Regerneration, Hermaphroditic |
| Nematoda (roundworm) Reproduction | Seperate Sexes, regeneration |
| Annelida (earthworm) Reproduction | Hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs) |
| Mullusca (shellfish, octopus, squid) Reproduction | sexual, reproduce by trochophore larva |
| Arthropod (insect, arachnid, etc) Reproduction | sexual, hermaphroditic, separate sexes, some parthogenic |
| Ventral | belly |
| Dorsal | back |
| Anterior | at or near the head |
| Posterior | at or near the rear |
