| A | B |
|---|
| laissez-faire | 'leave them alone" - no government interference in private business |
| Congress of Vienna | leaders redrew the map of Europe to keep the peace & maintain balance of power |
| Communism | a form of complete socialism in which the means of production were owned by the people yet controlled by a dictator |
| Boer War - Causes | The British claim the gold & diamonds found in the land controlled by Dutch farmers in South Africa (the Boers) & a war breaks out (British vs Boers) |
| Boer War - Results | British win 7 unite Cape Colony & former Boer republics into the Union of South Africa |
| Opium War - Causes | Chinese government wanted the british to stop importing opium into China, the british (who were making tons of $ from opium trade) refused; war broke out |
| Opium War - Results | British gunboats defeat Chinese ships, resulting in Treaty of Nanjing that gave Britain the island of Hong Kong |
| Meiji Restoration | The Tokugawa Shogun steps down, ending military dictatorship that had lasted since the 12th century & the Emperor, Mutsuhito's reign is restored |
| Karl Marx | writes the "Communist Manifesto" describing the "class struggle" between the bourgeosie (Middle Class) and the proletariat (working class) = the basic idea of Communism |
| Russo-Japanese War - Causes | Russians & Japanese both claim Manchuria & Korea; Russians refuse to stay out of korea; Japan launches a surprise attack. |
| Russo-Japanese War - Results | Japan drove Russia out of Korea & Manchuria, gave Japan captured lands & destroyed most of Russia's navy. |
| "White Man's Burden" | Poem by Rudyard Kipling showing that the white race had a responsibility to spread the "blessings" of Western civilization, including its medicine, law, and Christian religion to the natives overseas. |
| Social Darwinism | Applied Darwin's ideas of selection and survival of the fittest in nature to human society and nations. European races were thought to be superior to all others, so the conquest and destruction of weaker races was justified |
| Boxer Rebellion | Poor Chinese peasants & workers who resented the special priviledges granted to foreigners rebel against the Qing rulers & Europeans living in China |
| Sepoy Mutiny | Indian troops rise up against their british officers due to new laws that went against Hindu and Muslim practices - Ex. gun cartridges were greased with cow fat 9forbidden to hindus) or pork fat (forbidden to Muslims) |
| Imperialism - causes | 1. Economic (need for cheap raw materials & markets for trade); 2. Military merchant & navy ships needed strategic defense bases & feuling stations around the world; 3. Political = Nationalism - Country's pride in expanding its territory & having a global empire; 4. Humanitarian/Religious - "White Man's Burden" - to 'help" the "inferior" races by bringing them western medicine, technology & Christianity |
| Imperialism - effects | 1. a global economy emerged dominated by the Industrial nations of the West (ex. Britain, France, Germany, etc.) 2. Western nations made most of the profits based on a $ economy; while Africa, Asia * latin America produced cheaper agricultural products, natural resources & cheap labor; 3. Families were disrupted as migrant workers had to leave to work on plantaions, mines or railroads owned by Europeans; 4. Mass-produced European goods disrupted traditional economies i.e. handwoven textiles or hand crafts; 5. Local economies that had once been self-sufficient became dependent on selling one cash crop; 6. Some benefits brought by Europeans included modern banking systems, modern communication & transportation systems, new technology, railroads, modern medicine |
| Berlin Conference | Europeans draw up borders & carve up claims to the continent of Africa (with NO regard for traditional African boundaries) |
