| A | B |
|---|
| What does a controlled experiment allow the scientist to isolate and test? | Hypothesis |
| When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, what does the hypothesis become? | conclusion or theory |
| Which characteristic of life best explains why birds fly south for the winter? | Living things respond to their environment |
| The process by which organisms keep thier internal conditions fairly constant is called? | homeostasis |
| What is the basic unit of mass in the SI system? | gram |
| What would a scientist use to observe a small, living organism? | Light microscope? |
| What is an instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses to lenses to form an image? | Light microscope |
| What instrumen tis used to separate cell parts according to density | Cell fractionation or blender |
| Define isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| what are the uses of radioactive isotopes | Can determine ages of rocks and fossils and help treat and kill cancer |
| Define the polarity of water | there is an unefven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| What is the pH of stomach acid and oven cleaner? | 1.5 and 13.5 |
| What are solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water called? | H+ |
| Amina acid is to protein as simple sugar is to | monosccharides |
| Which organic copound is the main source of energy for living things? | Lipids |
| RNA molecules are made of what? | sugar ribose |
| What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started? | acctivation energy |
| Whare are the funcions of catalysts? | speeds up rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the | activation every |
| The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summareized by saying that? | Made up cell theory |
| The cell theory applies to... | All living things |
| Which type of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of cells? | Electron microscope |
| What do eukaryotes usually contain | dos=zens of structures and internal membrans |
| What is the funciton of the nucleus? | Seperates genetic material from rest of the cell |
| Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use? | Lysosomes |
| Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleos | Ribosomes |
| Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use? | Mitochondria |
| Trace the path of a protien in the cell | Trace the path! |
| Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but no animal cells? | Chloroplasts |
| What is the function of the cyto skeleton? | Supporting structure and transportation system. |
| What is the main function of a cell wall? | Provide support and protection fro the cell! |
| What is the funciton of a cell membrane? | regulates what enters nad leaves teh cell and provides protecion and support |
| The cell membrane contains channels and pumps. What are these made of? | Lipids and Proteins |
| Define diffusion | Move from an area where they are more concentrated to an are where they are less. |
| Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? | Osmosis |
| What is the term for the diffuision of water across a selectively permeable membrane called? | Osmosis |
| Why will an animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water burst? | Water will want to equal out. |
| Define specialization of cells | Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to preform different tasks. |
| Define organ system | A group of organs that work together to preform a specific function |
| Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called? | Autotrophs! |
| What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? | Adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups |
| When is energy released from ATP? | breaking chemical bond between the second and thrid phosphates |
| A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at room temperature. What is the gas being colected | Oxygen |
| Describe the stroma and what occurs here? | Calcin cycle takes place here |
| Where do the light-dependent reacions take place? | in the sun light |
| What are the products of the light-dependent reacions? | sugars and oxygen |
| Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? | in the stroma |
| What are the products of the Calvin Cycle | ADP and high energy sugars |
| If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happen? | Increases less and less until it remains the same rate no matter the intensity! |
| Trace the pathway of electrons during photosythesis. | Trace it!! |
| Cellular respiration uses on e molecule of glucose to produce what? | energy |
| Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down... | glucose |
| What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? | oxygen and glucose |
| What are the products of cellular respiration | carbon dioxide, water, and energy |
| Describe what happened during lactic acid fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue. | Process regenerates NAD+ |
| What passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain? | Krebs cycle |
| Why doyou breathe heavily after running a race? | need of more oxygen |
| How are cellular respirtaion and photosynthesis almost opposite processes? | Photosynthesis creates energy while Cellular respirtaion release it! |
| Phtotsynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respirtaion is to... | Glucose |
| Give the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration. | Yes do! |
| What is the equation for cellular respiration? | 602+C6H12O6=6CO2+6H2O |
| What is the starting molecule for glycolysis? | N/A |
| What happens as a cell becomes larger? | Cell division (two daughter cells are formed) |
| What is the outcome of cell division? | each daughter cell recieves its own genetic "library" |
| Describe the stages in the cell cycle | G1 Phase-growth, S Phase- DNA replication, G2 Phase- preperation for mitosis |
| When is the DNA replicated druing the cell cycle? | S phase |
| During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? | Metaphase |
| What is the role of the spindle during mitosis? | helps seperate chromosomes. |
| What are the two main stages of cell division called? | Prophase and S phase |
| What are the differences between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells? | Cytokinesis is defferent in plant cells |
| When cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in interphase, the second cell? | replicates |
| What regulates the cell cycle? | Cyclin |
| A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to have? | Cancer |
| what is a tumor? | Cancer cells out of control |
| What do we call offspring that result form crosses between parents with defferent traits? | hybrids. |
| If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce? | green peas unless meets a dominant. |
| In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because? | dominant gene? |
| Organism that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be? | Dominant |
| What principle states that during gamete formation genes for defferent traits separate without influencing each other's inheritance? | um the first principal |
| Variation in human skin color is an example of? | Dominant and recessive alleles |
| If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is? | 6 |
| What happens between meiosis I and meiosisII that reduces the number of chromosomes? | Because a pair of homologous chromosomes was seterated, neither of the daughter cells has two complete sets. Therefore useless |
| What does meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes? | daughter cells |
| Crossing over rare occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Why? | Meiosis needs joining of daughter cells ot work |
| Gene maps are based on? | relative location of each known gene on one of the chromosomes. |
