| A | B |
|---|
| Behavior | the way an organism reacts to changes (internal and external) to the environment |
| Stimulus (stimnuli) | a signal that carries information and causes a reaction (response) |
| Response | a reation to a stimulus |
| Innate Behavior | behavior that is fully functional when animals are born, no previous learning is required in order to perform the behavior (examples - newborn suckling, spider building weaving a web, bird building a nest) |
| Learned Behavior | Behavior that is the result of experiences, also called acquired behavior, there are 4 kinds - Habituation, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning (Trial and Error), Insight, Imprinting) |
| Habituation | a decrease or stop of a response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal (a horse eventually stops shying at the sound of a gunshot) |
| Classical Conditioning | an animal makes a mental connection between a stimuli of a reward or punishment (example - Ivan Pavlov - stimulus is a bell, response is food, the dogs salivates because of the food, over time the sound of the bell is enough to cause the dog to salivate, in other words the dog has connected the bell with the food) |
| Operant Conditioning (Trial and Error) | Behavior that is leaned by repeating or practicing in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment (example - you keep trying keys on a key ring until you are rewarded with the one that fits the lock) |
| Insight | Behavior that occurs when an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation (example - chimp moves boxes in order to be able to reach a bunch of bananas) also called reasoning |
| Imprinting | learning based on early experience (example - baby geese follow their mother - they imprint the recognition of their mother in the first few months) |
| Seasonal Behavioral Cycle | Any behavior that occurs with a change in the season (birds migrate for winter, bears hibernate for winter) |
| Circadian Rhythm | A behavioral cycle where the behavior occurs every 24 hours (example - you become tired and fall asleep each night) |
| Courtship | individual animal sends out a stimuli (sound, visual display, chemicals) to attract the opposite sex |
| Ritual | A series of courtship behaviors (cranes dancing to attract a mate) |
| Territory | An occupied area that is protected by an animal or group of animals from other animals of the same species (this is a social behavior) |
| Aggression | threating behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another (baring teeth), this is a social behavor |
| Communication | Passing information from one organism to another by sound, touch, visual, or chemical signal (pheromone), this is a social behavor |
| Mimicry | a social behavior where an animal acts like another animal in order to survive |
| Submission | a social behavior where one animal recognizes and displays acceptance of the dominance of another |
| Dominance Hierarchy | a siocial behavior where each memeber of the group knows there who is their boss in the group (example - in chickens this is called the pecking order) |
| Migration | a seasonal behavior where animals move from one place to another due to a change in the season |
| Estivation | similar to hibernation, metabolic activity reduces in response to internal and external cues |
| Hibernation | metabolic activity is drmatically reduced due to seasonal cues |
