| A | B |
|---|
| albumin/o | protein |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| cyst/o, vesic/o | bladder or sac |
| dips/o | thirst |
| glumerul/o | glomerulus (small ball) |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | glucose (sugar) |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| lith/o | stone |
| meat/o | meatus (opening) |
| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis (basin) |
| py/o | pus |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ur/o, urin/o | urine |
| kidneys | two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine |
| cortex | outer part of the kidney |
| hilum | indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave |
| medulla | inner part of the kidney |
| calices or calyces | ducts that carry urine form the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| nephron | microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine |
| glomerulus | small, ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron |
| Bowman capsule | top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus |
| renal tubule | stem portion of the nephron |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| renal pelvis | basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney |
| ureteropelvic junction | point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter |
| urinary bladder | sac that holds the urine |
| urethra | single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body |
| urethral meatus | opening in the urethra to the outside of the body |
| urine | fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products |
| urea | waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine |
| creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine |
| albuminuria, proteinuria | presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise |
| anuria | absence of urine formation |
| bacteruria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control |
| nocturnal enuresis | bed-wetting during sleep |
| glucosuria, glycosuria | glucose in the urine |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
| stress urinary incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and/or strained exercise |
| ketonuria | presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
| ketone bodies, keton compounds | acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacteic acid; products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation |
| nocturia | urination at night |
| oliguria | scanty production of urine |
| polyuria | condition of excessive urination |
| pyuria | presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
| urinary retention | retention of urine resuloting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction |
| adult polycystic kidney | inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections |
