| A | B |
|---|
| Socialization | the cultural process of learning to participate in group life |
| Self-Concept | idea developed by Charles Horton Cooley. he found this idea out through watching his own children at play. this is yor image of yourself as having an identy separate from other people. |
| Looking-Glass Self | a self concept based on our idea of others' judgement of us. |
| Significant Others | people whose judgements are most important to our self-concepts. examples would be mother, father, grandparent etc. |
| Role taking | allows us to see ourselves through the eyes of someone else. it allows us to take the viewpoint of another person and then respond to ourselves from that imagined viewpoint. |
| Imitation Stage | begins around one and a half to two years old. the child imitates the physical behavior of a significant other. first step in developing the capacity for role taking |
| Play Stage | the stage during which children take on roles of others one at a time. Second stage in role taking process |
| Game Stage | third phase in role taking process. children in this stage learn to engage in more sophisticated role taking as they become able to consider the roles of several people simultaneously. these games involve several participants |
| Generalized Other | an integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society |
| "Me" | the part of the self created through socialization. accounts for predictability nd conformity. |
| "I" | Spontaneous and unpredictable. does not operate only in extreme situations of rage or excitement. it interacts constantly with "me" as we conduct ourselves in social situations. the first reaction of the self comes from this. before we act, however, this reaction is directed into socially acceptable channels by the socialized "me". |
| Hidden Curriculum | the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught n preparation for life. the hidden curriculum teachers children discipline, order, cooperation, and conformity. |
| Peer Group | composed of individuals of roughly the same age and interests. the only agency of socialization that is not controlled primarily by adults. |
| Mass Media | means of commuication designed to reach the general population. they include such things as teleivison, radio, newspapers, magazines, movies, books, the Internet, tapes, and discs. many images on this are distorted. |
| Total Institutions | mental hospitals, cults, and prisons. places where residents are separated from the rest of society. they are not free to manage their own lives |
| Desocialization | the process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behavios. destruction of old self-concepts of personal identity. |
| Resocialization | the process in which people adopt new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors |
| Anticipatory Socialization | process of preparing (in advance) for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. it does not generally occur in prisons or mental hospitals because it involves voluntary change. may occur in people who are moving from one stage in their lives to another. |
| Reference Group | group teenagers use to evaluate themselves and from which they acquire attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms. |
