| A | B |
|---|
| Nephrology | study of anatomy |
| Retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum |
| Hilum | area where blood vessels |
| Renal capsule | transparent membrane that maintains the kidneys shape (two words) |
| Parenchyma | functional portion of the kidney; renal cortex and pyramids |
| Nephron | functional and physiological unit of the kidney |
| Glomerulus | filtering capillaries of the nephron |
| Peritubular | nephron capillaries that carry away reabsorbed substances |
| Vasa recta | capillaries that supply the medulla with nutrients |
| Nephron capsule | Bowman's capsule |
| Proximal | convoluted tubule closest to Bowman's capsule |
| Juxtamedullary | nephron with its renal corpuscles close to the medulla and having long loops of Henle; change the concentration of urine being excreted |
| Cortical | nephron with its renal corpuscle and loop of Henle in the outer cortex; most of the nephrons |
| Podocytes | special epithelial cells that cover the capillaries of the glomerulus |
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus | JGA; helps regulate blood pressure and rate of blood filtration in the kidneys |
| Filtrate | portion of blood plasma filtered into the nephron capsule; about 20% |
| Filtration | occurs in the nepron capsule and glomerulus |
| Reabsorption | return of useful substances to the blood |
| Secretion | selective addition of substances to the urine; drugs |
| Filtration fraction | 20% of plasma that becomes the filtrate |
| Net filtration pressure | total pressure that promotes filtration |
| osmosis | movement of water through a membrane from higher to lower concentration |
| glucosuria | urine containing glucose |
| urine | liquid waste formed by the kidneys |
| antidiuretic | hormone involved with water retention |
| diuretic | drug that increases urine production |
| urinalysis | analysis of the volume |
| blood urea nitrogen | BUN; test that measures the level of nitrogen in blood that is part of urea |
| dialysis | separation of large solutes from smaller with a selectively permeable membrane |
| ureters | tubes which carry urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| bladder | hollow organ that stores urine |
| trigone | floor of the bladder; smooth triangular area |
| urethra | tube which carries urine from the bladder to the outside |
| calculi | stones |
