| A | B |
|---|
| plate tectonics | the theory that plates of the lithosphere are always moving |
| focus | the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins |
| erosion | the removal and transportation of weathered material |
| sea floor spreading | the process along the mid-ocean ridge that forms new lithosphere |
| mantle | thick layer of earth beneath crust |
| deposition | the process by which eroded material drops or settles |
| fault | a break in the earth's crust where rock on one side can move past the other |
| core | the earth's center, mostly metallic iron and nickel |
| epicenter | the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| crust | the earth's outermost layer, including dry land and ocean floor |
| outer core | responsible for the earth's magnetic field |
| the crust alone | this is what composes the earth's plates |
| erosion alone | this is the process responsible for forming a sea cave |
| p waves | these are the first waves detected when there is an earthquake |
| s waves | second waves produced after an earthquake |
| p and s waves | these waves travel through the earth' interior |
| surface waves | these waves travel along the earth's surface |
| earthquake | a snap and slide of rock as energy is released in earth's crust |
| volcano | mountain formes when molten rock is pushed to earth's surface and builds up |
| seismograph | an instrument that detects earthquake waves |
| Richter scale | measures the waves recorded on a seismograph |
| moment magnitude scale | similar to richter scale (and newer) but more accurate |
| tsunami | caused by large earthquake in the ocean floor |
| magma | molten rock |
| shield volcanoes | formed by non-explosive eruptions, broad, slightly domed shaped |
| cinder cone volcanoes | steep sided erupt quickly becuase rosk and ash not cemented by lava |
| composite volcanoes | formed by a mixture of explosive and non-explosive eruptions |
| Hawaiian Islands | formed by hot spot under the Pacific plate |
| weathering | process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces |
| glacier | an immense sheet of moving ice that stays frozen year-round |
| lithosphere | made of crust and stiff part of upper mantle |
| asthenosphere | the part of the mantle below the lithosphere |
| wind deposition | causes the formation of sand dunes |
| sediment | name for the small pieces of rock that are weathered or eroded |
| mid-ocean ridge | chain of mountains in the ocean |
| convergent boundary | when 2 plates move toward each other |
| divergent boundary | formes when plates move apart |
| pangea | all the conteninents once formed a huge supercontinent |
| atlantic ocean | due to shifting this ocean is getting larger |
| pacific ocean | due to the earths shiftng this ocean is getting smaller |
