| A | B |
|---|
| acid | proton donor |
| amino acid | monomeric subunit of proteins |
| assembly | building a complex structure from smaller subunits using noncovalent interactions |
| assimilation | the conversion of raw materials into cytosol and other cell substances |
| base | proton acceptor |
| callose | wound plugging fluid in plants |
| callus | unorganized, totipotent tissue often produced at site of wounds in stems and roots |
| carbohydrate | biomolecule whose monomers have the general formula Cn(H2O)n |
| catalyst | molecule that speeds up a reaction without being permanently modified in the reaction |
| cells | smallest independant units of life |
| cell theory | all organisms made of cells; cell smallest independant unit of life; cells come from preexisting cells |
| chemical bond | force that holds atoms together to form a molecule |
| chemical energy | energy stored in bonds of molecules |
| compound | molecule composed of at least two different types of atoms |
| covalent bond | chemical linkage formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| cyclosis | circular movement of cytoplasm in cells |
| denaturation | loss of a molecule's normal shape |
| dehydration synthesis | formation of chemical bonds by the net subtraction of water across the bond |
| digestion | conversion of large molecules into smaller ones |
| disaccharide | two sugar monomers linked together |
| electrical energy | energy of directed movement of electrons |
| electron | fundamental particle with almost no mass and a charge of -1 |
| element | type of matter composed of atoms with same atomic number |
| energy | capacity to do work |
| enzyme | biological catalyst |
| fat | solid triglycerides |
| gene | expression unit of DNA |
| glycosidic linkage | bond used to link monosaccharides into polysaccharides |
| growth | progressive increase in length and volume during normal development |
| hydrogen bond | when a hydrogen covalently bonded to an electronegative atom forms an association with another electronegative atom based on charge |
| hydrolysis | breakage of bonds by addition of water across the bond |
| inorganic molecule | molecules with no carbon atoms |
| ionic bond | bond formed between oppositely charged atoms |
| isotopes | atoms with the same atomic number, but different atomic masses |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| light energy | energy of photons |
| lipid | biomolecule that will not dissolve in water, but dissolves in nonpolar substances |
| metabolism | sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism |
| molecule | at least two atoms bonded together |
| monomer | characteristic subunit of a polymer |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar |
| movement | change in position |
| native conformation | normal shape of molecules |
| neutron | fundamental particle with a mass of one and charge of 0 |
| noncovalent bond | chemical linkage made through unequal sharing of electrons |
| nucleic acid | polymer of nucleotides |
| nucleotide | 5 carbon sugar with nitrogenous base bonded to C1 and phosphoric acid bonded to C5 |
| nucleus | center of mass of atoms containing neutrons and protons |
| oil | liquid triglyceride |
| orbital | probability clouds indicating likely location range of electrons |
| organic molecule | carbon-based compound |
| peptide bond | chemical linkage between amino acids in proteins |
| periodic chart | table organizing elements into columns and rows based on atomic number and electron distribution |
| phosphodiester linkage | characteristic linkage between nucleotides in nucleic acids |
| phospholipid | glycerol molecule esterified to phosphoric acid in one position and fatty acids in the other two positions |
| photosynthesis | fixation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules using light as energy source |
| polymer | molecule formed by bonding characteristic subunits together with characteristic linkages |
| polypeptide | more than three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
| polysaccharide | more than three monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic linkages |
| polyunsaturated | when fatty acids have more than one double bond |
| potential energy | energy stored in position of object |
| primary structure | amino acid sequence of protein |
| protein | polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
| proton | fundamental particle with mass of 1 and charge of +1 |
| quaternary structure | orientation in space of subunits of a multisubunit protein |
| reproduction | development of new individual organisms through sexual or asexual molecules |
| respiration | breakdown of molecules in cells that produces energy |
| saturated | fatty acids with no double bonds - containing the maximum number of hydrogens |
| secondary structures | orientation in space of the polypeptide backbone of a protein |
| stimulus | force or action that elicits a response by living organisms |
| tertiary structure | orientation in space of all of the atoms in a polypeptide |
| thermodynamics | study of energy |
| unsaturated | fatty acids that contain at least one double bond |
| valence | number of bonds an atom can make |
| wax | solid lipid composed of long chain alcohols |
