| A | B |
|---|
| amyloplast | leucoplast that synthesize and store starch |
| anaphase | stage of mitosis when sister chromatids of each chromosome separates and move to opposite cell poles |
| anthocyanins | water soluble red/blue pigment |
| carotene | fat soluble yellow pigment |
| carotenoid | member of a family of fat soluble yellow pigment |
| cell cycle | sequence of events in life cycle of cells |
| cell plate | flattened hollow structure formed in telophase - start of new cell wall |
| cell sap | watery, slightly acidic fluid found in vacuoles |
| chlorophyll | green pigment serving as primary photosynthetic pigment in plants |
| chloroplast | photosynthetic organelle in plant cells |
| chromatin | DNA complexed to histones |
| chromoplast | pigment storing plastid |
| chromosome | structure formed by condensed chromatin on a protein scaffold |
| compound microscope | microscope using more than one lens |
| cytoplasm | material in a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane |
| cytoplasmic streaming | circular movement of cytoplasm in cells |
| cytosol | fluid in which all components on the inside of the cell float |
| cytoskeleton | network of fibers providing structure and movement of cells |
| dictyosome | organelle for protein modification and sorting |
| dissecting microscope | stereomicroscope used for examining large structures |
| elaioplast | oil synthesizing leucoplast |
| endoplasmic reticulum | mazelike network of membranes continuous with nuclear membrane |
| eukaryote | type of cell with extensive array of membranous organelles, including a nucleus |
| G0 phase | stage of cell cycle where cell has left active reproductive cycle |
| G1 phase | phase of cell cycle between mitosis and DNA synthesis - cell growth is occurring |
| G2 phase | cell cycle phase after DNA replication and before mitosis |
| glycoprotein | protein with sugar side chains |
| Golgi apparatus | equivalent to dictyosome |
| hemicellulose | gluelike substance holding cellulose fibers together |
| interphase | cell cycle phases excluding mitosis |
| kinetochore | complex of proteins that assemble at centromere of chromosomes and attach to mitotic spindle fibers |
| leucoplast | colorless plastid |
| lignin | complex organic substance that adds strength to cell walls |
| meristem | embryonic tissue in plants |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up along equatorial plate of cell |
| microbodies | small single membraned organelles containing enzymes |
| microfibril | long cellulose fibers grouped together in a bundle |
| microfilament | smallest cytoskeletal element - polymer of actin |
| microtubule | largest cytoskeletal element - polymer of tubulin |
| middle lamella | layer of pectin layed down as cell wall is formed, shared by two adjacent cells |
| mitochondrion | organelle carrying out Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation |
| mitosis | division of nuclear material |
| mitotic spindle | network of microtubules and associated proteins involved in mitosis |
| nuclear envelope | nuclear membrane and associated proteins |
| nucleolus | sites of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly |
| nucleoplasm | fluid inside nuclear membrane |
| nucleus | membrane bound organelle containing cell's DNA |
| organelle | compartment of function inside cell |
| pectin | branched complex carbohydrate in cell walls |
| phragmoplast | complex of microtubule and endoplasmic reticulum forming during telophase of mitosis |
| plasma membrane | outer limiting membrane of the cell |
| plasmodesma | cell junction composed of strands of cytoplasm that extend through pores in cell walls |
| plastid | organelles associated with the storage and synthesis of materials, especially carbohydrates |
| primary cell wall | outer region of cell wall when wall deposited in two phases |
| prokaryote | organism lacking extensive internal membranes |
| prophase | first stage of mitosis - chromosomes condense, nucleus dissipates |
| proplastid | immature plastid |
| ribosome | protein synthesizing organelle |
| resolution | ability to clearly distinguish two points |
| secondary cell wall | inner portion of cell wall deposited in two stages |
| S phase | phase of cell cycle in which DNA is replicated |
| spindle fibers | microtubules of mitotic apparatus |
| stereomicroscope | microscope with two ocular lenses |
| telophase | last phase of mitosis, in which a new nucleus forms around separated chromatin |
| thylakoid | photosynthetic membrane in chloroplasts |
| tonoplast | also known as vacuolar membrane |
| vacuolar membrane | membrane forming outer limit of fluid-filled organelles |
| vacuole | organelle filled with cell sap |
| granum | stack of thylakoids |
