| A | B |
|---|
| annual | a flowering plant that copletes its life cycle in one growing season |
| auxin | a plant hormone that speeds up the reate at which a plan'ts cells grow and controls a plant's response to light |
| angiosperm | a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed ina protective fruit |
| chlorophyll | a green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| cuticle | the waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants |
| chloroplast | an organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food |
| cotyledon | a leaf produced by an embryo of a seed plant; sometimes stores food |
| biennial | a flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years |
| cone | the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm |
| critical light length | the number of hours of darkenss that determines whether or not a plant will flower |
| dormancy | a period of time when an organism's growth or activity stops |
| cambium | a layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells |
| dicot | an angiosperm that has two seed leaves |
| frond | the leaf of a fern plant |
| gymnosperm | a plant that produces seeds directly on the scales of cones - not enclosed in a protective fruit |
| embyo | the young organism that develops from a zygote |
| germination | the sprouting of the embryo out of a see; occurs when the embryo resumes its grwoth following dormancy |
| flower | the reproductive structure of an angiosperm |
| gametophyte | thes tage in the life cycle of a plant in whcih the plant produces gametes, or sex cells |
| fertilization | the process in sexual reprocution in which an egg cell and sperm cell join to form a new cell |
| fruit | the ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds |
| hormone | a chemical that affects growth and development |
| day-neutral plant | a plant with a flowering cycle that is not sensitive to periods of light and dark |
| dormancy | a period of time when an organism's growth or activity stops |
| monocot | an angiosperm that has only one seed leaf |
| ovary | a lfower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop |
| ovule | a plant structure in seed plants that produces the fmeale gametophyte; contains and egg cell |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light erngy to mmake food from carbon dioxide and water |
| pollen | tiny structure- male gametophyte- produced by seed plants that acontain the cell that later becomes a sperm cell |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from male reprocutve structures to female reproductive structures in plants |
| petal | a colorful, leaflike structure of some flowers |
| pistil | the female reproductive part of a flower |
| perennial | a flowering plant that lives for more than two years |
| rhizoid | a thin, tootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water adn nutrients for the plant |
| seed | the plant structure that acontains a young plant and a food supply inside a protective covering |
| phloem | the vascular tissue through whcih food moves in some plants |
| root cap | a structure that covers the tip of a root, proteccting the root from injury as the root grows through soil |
| stoma | a small opening on the underside of a leaf through wehich oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide can move |
| sepal | a leaflike structure that encloses and protects the bud of a flower |
| short-day plant | a plant that flowers when the nights are longer than the plan's critical night length |
| sporophyte | the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores |
| stamen | the male reproductive part of a flower |
| vacuole | a sac-lic organelle that sotres water, food, and other materials |
| transpiration | the procedss by which water is lost through a plant's leaves |
| vascular plant | a plant that has true vascular tissue for transorting materials |
| xylem | the vascular tissue trough which water and minerals move in some plants |
| zygote | a fertilized egg, producued by the joingin of a sperm cell and egg cell |
| long-day plant | a plant that flowers when the nights are shorter than the plant's critical night length |
