| A | B |
|---|
| Second Industrial Revolution | a period of rapid growth in US manufacturing late 1800s |
| Bessemer Process | a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply |
| Thomas Edison | inventor and researcher who created Menlo Park |
| patents | exclusive rights to make or sell inventions |
| Alexander Graham Bell | patented the telephone |
| Henry Ford | first to implement the moving assembly line in manufactoring/Model T Ford |
| Wilbur and Orville Wright | first flight in gas powered plane; Kitty Hawk, North Carolina |
| corporations | businesses that sell portions of ownership called stocks |
| Andrew Carnegie | industrialist who focused on steel and made his fortune through vertical integration |
| vertical integration | ownership of business involved in each step of a manufactoring process; mines, coal fields and RR's |
| John Rockefeller | made his fortune in oil, used vertical and horizontal integration. monopolies |
| horizontal integration | owning all businesses in a certain field |
| trust | grouping together a number of companies under one board of directors |
| Leland Stanford | RR builder; established Central Pacific RR and Stanford University |
| social Darwinism | a view of society based on Charles Darwin's theory of Natural Selection (survival of the fittest) |
| monopoly | total ownership of a product or service |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained trade |
| Fred Taylor | viewed workers as mechanical parts of the production process; not as people |
| Knights of Labor | 1870s First National Labor Union |
| Terrence Powderly | leader of the Knights of Labor |
| American Federation of Labor | early labor union led by Samuel Gompers |
| Samuel Gompers | Leader of the American Federation of Labor |
| collective bargaining | all workers acting together to negotiate with management |
| Mary Jones (Mother Jones) | Irish immigrant who worked for better conditions for miners; organized strikes |
| Haymarket Riot | riots resulting from the deaths of two strikers |
| Homestead Strike | a labor-union strike at Carnegie's Homestead Steel factory that erupted in violence btwn. strikers and private detectives |
| Pullman Strike | a railroad strike that ended when President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops |
